Methods: Fifteen extended-spectrum b-lactamaseor carbapenemase-producing E. coli were studied. The in vitro pharmacodynamic model was inoculated with 1×10 cfu/mL and ertapenem was dosed once daily at 0 and 24 h to simulate free ( f ) Cmax and t12 obtained after either 1 g or 2 g intravenous once-daily doses in healthy volunteers (1 g: f Cmax 15 mg/L, t12 4 h). Sampling was performed over 48 h t...

background: closantel is a broad-spectrum antiparasiticagent and is widely used for the control of fasciola spp. andhaemonchus spp. infestations in sheep and cattle. objectives:the present study was carried out to evaluate the bioequivalenceof a domestic closantel formulation, fascinil® (damloranpharmaceutical co., iran), in comparison with flukiver®(janssen pharmaceutical co., belgium) in shee...

background: recently grapefruit juice is known to enhance the bioavailability of several clinically important drugs such as nifedipine, terfenadine, cyclosporine, ethinylestradiole, midazolam, and triazolam. cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent that used in transplantation for preventation of chronic rejection. grapefruit increase in cmax and auc of drug mediated by suppression of cyp3a4 ...

This paper presents an overview of existing bounds on l1-embeddings of planar metrics. A new family of graphs containing the K2,3 minor is introduced. Computational results on this family of graphs establish a new lower bound on the constant in the following conjecture: There exists an absolute constant Cmax > 0 such that every finite planar metric embeds into the l1 metric with distortion < Cm...

For an odd prime p, an even integer n, and d = p + 1 with gcd(n, k) = 1, there are p + 1 distinct decimated sequences s(dt + l), 0 ≤ l < p + 1, for a p-ary m-sequence s(t) of period p − 1 since gcd(d, p − 1) = p + 1. In this paper, the cross-correlation distribution between a p-ary m-sequence s(t) and its p+1 distinct decimated sequences s(dt+ l) is derived. The maximum magnitude Cmax of their ...

There is considerable interest in the state of the world’s natural fishery resources. The paper by Froese et al. (2012) is a recent example of applying a set of ad hoc decision rules to a time series of catch data in order to assign the world’s fisheries to categories of exploitation and hence make generalisations about their current status. They conclude that the percentage of stocks that are ...

The aim of this study was to prepare a nasal gel of risperidone and to investigate the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of the drug in rats. Compared with oral dosing, the risperidone nasal gel exhibited very fast absorption and high bioavailability. Maximal plasma concentration (cmax) and the time to reach cmax (tmax) were 15.2 μg mL-1 and 5 min for the nasal gel, 3.6 μg mL-1 and ...

The most common pharmacokinetic responses of the rate and the extent of absorption are: Area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and time to reach maximum plasma concentration (tmax). The distributions of responses such as AUC and Cmax are often positively skewed and exhibit a lack of homogeneity of variances. Therefore, normality assumption on ...

In single center, open labeled, randomized, two-way, two-period, two-treatment, crossover, single dose bioequivalence study, test and reference formulation of Febuxostat were orally administered in twenty-six +2 (standby) healthy adult male human subjects under fasting condition, with five days washout period. Pharmacokinetic blood samples were collected periodically following drug administrati...

The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of cyclosporine (CsA) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of mycophenolic acid (MPA), an active mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) metabolite, and to compare with the effect of everolimus (EVR).Anonymized medical records of 404 kidney recipients were reviewed. The main MPA pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC(0-12) and Cmax) were evaluated.The patie...