We determined the comparative activity of SMT19969 (SMT) against 162 strains representing 35 well-characterized Clostridium species in clusters I to XIX and 13 Clostridium species that had no 16S rRNA match. SMT MICs ranged from 0.06 to >512 μg/ml and were not species related. SMT might have less impact on normal gut microbiota than other Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) antimicrobials.

Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis are predominant anaerobes in orofacial infections and aspiration pneumonia. Fusobacterium species are common pathogens in aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses and orofacial infections. Clostridium perfringens can cause bacteremia and wound infections. Clostridium botulinum can produce a paralytic toxin that causes a paralytic syndrome in infan...

A new Clostridium species has been isolated from pear orchard soil in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. The isolate, Clostridium arbusti SL206(T) (KCTC 5449(T)), showed a nitrogenase activity as well as an organic acid production. Here we first report the draft genome sequence of a novel species in the genus Clostridium within the largest Gram-positive group.

Metagenomics has rapidly advanced our inventory and appreciation of the genetic potential inherent to the gut microbiome. However it is widely accepted that two key constraints to further genetic dissection of the gut microbiota and host-microbe interactions have been our inability to recover new isolates from the human gut, and the paucity of genetically tractable gut microbes. To address this...

On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA reassociation, industrial solvent-producing clostridia have been assigned to four species. In this study, the phenotypic characteristics of Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, 'Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum', and an unnamed Clostridium sp. represented by the strains NCP 262T and NRRL B643 are compared. In addition, ...

McCoy, Fred, Peterson, and Hastings (1926) state: "One of the most distinctive features of the group to which the butyl organism belongs is the granulose reaction. Young vegetative cells.. . stain yellow with iodine. As sporulation approaches and the cells take on clostridial form, they store granulose and stain blue or violet with iodine. As the spores mature the granulose reaction is lost, in...

Greenberg and associates (2, 3) in pigeon liver homogenates and was later found in a variety of bacterial species, including Clostridium cylindrosporum (4), Micrococcus aerogenes (5), and others (6). The enzyme has been purified from acetone powders of pigeon liver (7), from Micrococcus aerogenes (6), and from Clostridium cylindrosporum (8, 9). This paper describes the purification of the enzym...

The incidence of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin has been studied in 69 consecutive patients with inflammatory bowel disease complicated by severe diarrhoea or ileostomy flux during 74 admissions to hospital. The cytotoxin was identified in only four patients, all of whom had received antimicrobials. Clostridium difficle, but not cytotoxin, was identified in 10 of 43 admissions. This followed a...

Di-tri-octahedral smectite was effective in neutralizing Clostridium difficile toxins A and B as well as Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in vitro. However, di-tri-octahedral smectite did not inhibit the growth of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens, nor did it interfere with the activity of metronidazole. Di-tri-octahedral smectite may be a useful option for the treatment of c...