Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) caused by Pasteurella multocida is an economically significant disease of bovines that instigates high monetary losses due to unexpected mortality animals in emerging countries like Pakistan. Similarly Black Quarter (BQ) Clostridium chauvoei also acute infectious ailment cattle and buffaloes which severe inflammation ofskeletal cardiac muscles, systemic toxicity a oc...

In the USA, the potency of commercially prepared equine tetanus antitoxin is determined by the method outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Part 113.451. In the current test, commercial equine tetanus antitoxin is tested by a toxin neutralization test in guinea pigs. The in vivo test measures antitoxin content through effectiveness of protection of guinea pigs injected with dilu...