Consumers evaluate the convenience of changing their products according to the price paid as well as the technology (quality) level. When the consumers wish to capitalize the products residual value, they should return them as early as possible. Accordingly, we develop a model of Closed-loop Supply Chain (CLSC) where consumers seek to gain as much as possible from their returns and the return r...

Recently, with the environmental crisis, Green supply chain management (or GSCM), and in particular closed loop supply chain model, has received considerable attention by researchers. Closed loop supply chain model aims at reduction of waste and generating profit for enterprises through integrating forward and reverse logistics. Unfortunately, there is limited research on general models for clo...

Remanufacturing is an industrial process that makes used products reusable. Remanufacturing is a way to establish a closed-loop supply chain. One of the important aspects in both reverse logistics and remanufacturing is pricing of returned and remanufactured products (called cores) that it has been noticed in this paper. In addition, in this paper the researchers have tried to present a mathema...

High amounts of waste paper are disposed of every year in Iran posing the health hazard and environmental damages instead of being recovered. Collection, recovery and proper disposal of waste paper without damaging the environment need to design an efficient closed-loop supply chain network. The main objective of this paper is introducing a bi-objective, multi-echelon, multi-product and single-...

The design of closed-loop supply chain networks has attracted increasing attention in recent decades with environmental concerns and commercial factors. Due to the rapid growth of knowledge and technology, the complexity of the supply chain operations is increasing daily and organizations are faced with numerous challenges and risks in their management. Most organizations with limited resources...

Recent papers in the concept of Supply Chain Network Design (SCND) have seen a rapid development in applying the stochastic models to get closer to real-world applications. Regaring the special characteristics of each product, the stracture of SCND varies. In tire industry, the recycling and remanufacturing of scraped tires lead to design a closed-loop supply chain. This paper proposes a two-st...

Nowadays, there has been a growing interest in reverse logistics, recycling, remanufacturing and reusing due to the environmental, economical issues and legal obligations. Due to this fact, companies should take into account the remanufacturing option while preparing the medium-term planning (MTP) activities instead of using traditional production planning models. There are lots of studies in t...

In the recent decade, special attention is paid to reverse logistic due to economic benefits of recovery and recycling of used products as well as environmental legislation and social concerns. On the other hand، many researches claim that separately and sequential planning of forward and reverse logistic causes sub-optimality. Effective transport activities are also one of the most important c...

One of the most strategic and the most significant decisions in supply chain management is reconfiguration of the structure and design of the supply chain network. In this paper, a closed loop supply chain network design model is presented to select the best tactical and strategic decision levels simultaneously considering the appropriate transportation mode in activated links. The strategic de...