Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungi that is able to thrive in many host niches, including the skin, mucosal, surfaces, the blood stream and internal organs. Agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) genes which could play a role in forming biofilms, adherence to host surfaces as a virulence factor and antifungal drug resistant. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the presence ALS1 and ...

introduction: biofilm producing staphylococcus aureus is known as one of the major causative agents of infections, failure of implanted devices and persistent infection among hospitalized patients . the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of biofilm producing s. aureus isolates amongst the clinical specimens. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted during 2012 to 2...

background: klebseilla pneumoniae causes urinary tract infections, nosocomial pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections. capsular antigens are considered to be the ultimate virulence determinants. among 77 capsular serotypes of k. pneumoniae, serotypes k1 and k2 are the most virulent ones in humans. objectives: we designed a pcr method for detection of capsular serotypes k1 and k2 of k. pneumoni...

introduction: extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing escherichia coli generate a major problem for clinical therapeutics and epidemiological study. the incidence of esbl producing strains among clinical isolates has been steadily increasing during the past few years, and remains an important cause of failure of therapy with cephalosporins. the aim of this study was to determine the a...

conclusions resistance to oxacillin and other antibiotics was high, and most of the isolates were found to be multi-drug resistance (mdr). plasmid analysis of representative s. aureus isolates also demonstrates the presence of a wide range of plasmid sizes, with no consistent relationship between plasmid profiles and resistance phenotypes. regular surveillance of hospital infections and monitor...

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Mutations of Outer Membrane Porin in Clinical Isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae

introduction: acinetobacter baumannii, a known causative agent of nosocomial infections, is one of the highly antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli. carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter isolates are increasingly reported worldwide. carbapenems such as imipenem and meropenem are efficient antimicrobial agents commonly used for the treatment of infections caused by multi- resistant a. baumanni...