As an inseparable organ, courtyards have influenced the history of architecture with their presence in the context of constructed sites and in a wider sense (architecture), it has provided permissive answers to numerous aspects of climatic, cultural and security demands of the residents. Discovering different aspects of environmental and climatic function in the central courtyard of the traditi...

introduction science of climatic design is defined as a set of theoretical principles and practical methods of management. the knowledge wants to provide a suitable living environment leading to healthy life based on sustainable development and the coherence relationship between the concepts of climatology, architecture and urban design. this attempts to provide aesthetic elements as the main c...

The level of satisfaction with an environment differs among individuals, which may be caused by social, psychological and physical factors. One of the environmental factors affecting physical and mental satisfaction, is the thermal condition of space. In recent years, the importance of thermal comfort has been accentuated due to the climate change and global warming, increasing the number of st...

Visual comfort is usually defined in terms of illumination level, with the consequent disparity of values found in publications. However, transitional spaces have different features, such as dynamism and adaptive process, compared to other static spaces in buildings. Therefore, other factors must be considered when assessing the visual response. This study focuses on the quality of light and at...

Climate change and the urgency of minimising the carbon footprint of the built environment are driving technological innovation in the way thermal comfort is delivered to building occupants. In recent building developments, international attention has been increasingly focused on the way buildings are designed and operated. There is no doubt that high-quality environmental design can be an inve...

Deciding the roof type with a large ventilation spans for uses in the flower and plant exhibitions that can operate beyond the exhibition space functions as it can provide a desirable climate for the growth of its plants, it can be designed and enhanced according to the geographical site of it. Deciding and designing the roof form can prevent dissipations in energy and assets and develops a con...

Vehicle climate control systems aim to keep passengers thermally comfortable. However, current systems control temperature rather than thermal comfort and tend to be energy hungry, which is of particular concern when considering electric vehicles. This paper poses energy-efficient vehicle comfort control as a Markov Decision Process, which is then solved numerically using Sarsa(λ) and an empiri...