according to ipcc report 2013, the role of man in environmental catastrophe is incontrovertible because of high greenhouse emission in now and recent century. buildings nearly discharge one third of these pollutants and the task of architects to prevent this hazardous procedure is critical. in the other hand, one main basis of sustainability is education due to preserve environment and then, tr...

since historical monuments carry national values and identity, their maintenance and protection is necessary through methods which provide holistic stability and originality preservation. nanotechnology creates the possibility of monitoring the intrinsic traits such as melting temperature, magnetic properties, and load capacity. the colour of materials could even satay changeless in their chemi...

for a few decades has proposed sustainable developing in different sciences and professions including architecture and urbanization and its origins  is in environmental crises  and also excessive use of fossilized energies in the world. problems such as global warming, increasingly developing of green house gases in atmosphere that its origin  is  in global warming , air and soil  pollution, an...

The outcome of the December 2011 United Nations climate negotiations in Durban, South Africa, provides an important new opportunity to move toward an international climate policy architecture that is capable of delivering broad international participation and significant global CO2 emissions reductions at reasonable cost. We evaluate one important component of potential climate policy architect...

Climate is one of the many factors such as socio-cultural structure, economy, materials, and technology that influence architectural forms. The resolutions that exist as a result of the effect of climate on architecture differ according to regions, cultures, time and technology. The climate in the Eastern Black Sea region, which lies in the north of Turkey, plays an active role in the formation...