In genetic diagnostics, the emergence of a so-called "patent thicket" is imminent. Such an overlapping set of patent rights may have restrictive effects on further research and development of diagnostic tests, and the provision of clinical diagnostic services. Currently, two models that may facilitate access to and use of patented genetic inventions are attracting much debate in various nationa...

The problem of market clearing in an economy is that of finding prices such that supply meets demand. In this work, we propose a kernel method to compute nonlinear clearing prices for instances where linear prices do not suffice. We first present a procedure that, given a sample of values and costs for a set of bundles, implicitly computes nonlinear clearing prices by solving an appropriately f...

E ven though predictions about a cashless and checkless society have been made for many years, retail payment transactions made with electronic payment instruments still constitute only a small fraction of all payments made in the United States. 1 The rate of growth of electronic payments is estimated to exceed that of paper checks, but the number of checks written still increases each year, an...

This paper analyzes the question whether traders learn to coordinate on a trading institution that guarantees market clearing, or whether other market institutions can survive in the long run. While we find that the market clearing institution is indeed always stable under a general class of learning dynamics, it turns out that also other, non-market clearing institutions are stable. Hence, in ...

This paper analyzes the question of whether traders learn to coordinate on a trading institution that guarantees market clearing, or whether other market institutions can survive in the long run. While we find that the market clearing institution is indeed always stable under a general class of learning dynamics, it turns out that also other, non-market clearing institutions are stable. Hence, ...

OPTIMAL INTERVAL FOR STOCHASTIC CLEARING SYSTEMS Shoichi Nishimura University of Tsukuba (Received March 8, 1978; Revised September 8, 1978) Stochastic clearing systems can be applied to bulk-service queue and demand-responsive public-service systems. Customers (input) arrive at a service facility and form a queue waiting to be served. When a server arrives at a service facility, waiting custom...

For power retailers in a smart grid, it is necessary to design an economic dispatch method maintain balance between supply and demand on the sale side as well obtain better benefits. This study concentrates of dominant retailer regional market. The considered be equipped with generator resources such distributed photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT), microturbines (MT). As one cannot exactly p...