In this paper we discuss the mechanics of linking different types of systems and point out areas where linkage will be difficult. Our goal is to identify opportunities for constructive linkage and policy choices that may limit or hinder linkage. We argue that the basic approach underlying emission reduction credit systems like the Kyoto Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation...

performed better than the T&P-model and explained 69 [percent], 89 [percent], and 47 [percent] of the interannual and intersite variability of R with a mean absolute error of 0.11, 0.18, and 0.28 kg C m−2 yr−1 for croplands, grasslands and forests, respectively. Overall, the modeling efficiency of the T&P&C-model was nearly 60 [percent] across ecosystems. Globally, the mean turnover time of top...

This study performed an assessment on the beneficial of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) application on waste treatment system in a local palm oil industry in Malaysia. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to assess the environmental impacts of the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction from the CDM application. Calculations on the emission reduction used the methodology based on AM002 (Avoid...

Women’s contributions to food production and security are often overlooked, thus perpetuating inequitable unsustainable globalized commercial systems. role as producers in the first-food system, breastfeeding, is largely invisible underfunded, encouraging consumption of environmentally milk formula (CMF). This policy brief highlights opportunities for including funding interventions enabling br...

Ghimbo Pomuan Indigenous Forest is one of the customary forests in Riau Province. The existence crucial for surrounding communities as this forest serves a watershed area clean water sources and maintains ecological balance. One its significant roles ability to absorb CO2 reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This research aims estimate economic value carbon Forest. study was conducted through surve...

In this research, we planned and conducted estimations for developing a pilot-scale Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project group plant activities in the Vietnam electricity/energy sector. The overall aim of paper is to assess power generation potential rice husk plants Mekong Delta. We intend set up energy balance flowchart whole River Delta year 2021 suggest policies that can be used unused...

Under the Kyoto Protocol, developing countries can voluntarily participate in climate change mitigation through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), in which industrialized countries, in order to meet their mitigation commitments, can buy emission reduction credits from projects in developing countries. Before its implementation, developing-country experts opposed the CDM, arguing that it wou...

Discounting the value of emission credits has been proposed as a possible approach for addressing some of the shortcomings of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). It could be used to compensate for non-additional CDM projects; to increase the incentive for advanced developing countries to move from the CDM to own mitigation commitments; and to improve the competitiveness of less developed cou...

With the high growth urbanization and increasing new urban population, the huge demand for infrastructures and dwellings has become a great challenge for the sustainable development in Chinese cities. The building sector shares one fourth of total energy consumption in the country and plays an important role in reducing the energy consumption and the consequential green house gas (GHG) emission...