Fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) are novel tissues that have been reported in the mesenteric and mediastinal fat tissue of mouse human. It plays role progression respiratory intestinal inflammation parasitic infestations. However, their occurrence chicken air sacs adipose has not yet identified. Here we investigated distribution FALCs (cervical, clavicular, thoracic, abdominal) healthy ...

BACKGROUND The deltoid muscle (DM) plays an essential role in retaining the stability and correct function of the upper limb. The aims of the study were to perform a detailed morphological analysis of the DM including its innervation, structure, attachments and relationship with adjacent structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out on 17 formalin-fixed cadavericupper limbs. Aft...

background many different surgical techniques have been described to stabilize the acromion-clavicular (ac) dislocations. so far many of these procedures are performed only in arthroscopy. objectives in this study, we describe a new technique that utilizes the tightrope with a mini-invasive open approach for the acute stabilization of the acromion-clavicular joint (acj) dislocation. patients an...

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to derive the normal limits of a new ECG lead system aimed at enhancing the amplitude of atrial potentials through the use of bipolar chest leads. METHODS Sixty healthy male subjects, mean age 38.85±8.76 years (range 25 to 58 years) were included in this study. In addition to a standard 12-lead ECG, a modified limb lead (MLL) ECG was recorded for 60 se...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-week scapular upward rotation exercise (SURE) on scapular and clavicular alignment and scapular upward rotators strength in subjects with scapular downward rotation syndrome (SDRS). Seventeen volunteer subjects with SDRS were recruited from university populations. The alignment of the scapula and clavicle was measured using radiogr...

Most series of patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of clavicular non-union utilise distant autologous bone graft. We aimed to report the outcomes of a series of patients who had undergone ORIF for clavicular non-union without the use of distant bone graft. All patients undergoing ORIF of a clavicular nonunion were identified on the hospital database. Records were rev...

The Late Pleistocene archaic humans from western Eurasia (the Neandertals) have been described for a century as exhibiting absolutely and relatively long clavicles. This aspect of their body proportions has been used to distinguish them from modern humans, invoked to account for other aspects of their anatomy and genetics, used in assessments of their phylogenetic polarities, and used as eviden...

BACKGROUND The biomechanical characteristics of midshaft clavicular fractures treated with titanium elastic nail (TEN) is unclear. This study aimed to present a biomechanical finite element analysis of biomechanical characteristics involved in TEN fixation and reconstruction plate fixation for midshaft clavicular fractures. METHODS Finite element models of the intact clavicle and of midshaft ...