This paper explains the major patterns of physical change in Bangkok from 1851 brought about by the expansion of canals and roads and the attendant development of new suburbs, From around 1890 we see clearly a change in Bangkok from a water-based city to a land-based city. This paper argues that the period from around 1890 to 1910 is significant in Bangkok's development. One characteristic of r...

In this paper I discuss the digital city as a comprehensive, web-based representation, or reproduction, of several aspects or functions of a specific real city, open to nonexperts. Much more than a technical and practical issue, the digital city has dimensions that are social, cultural, political, ideological, and of course also theoretical. I explore these broader conceptual underpinnings of t...

In this paper, we focus on how people perceive the aspect ratio of city squares. Earlier research has focused on distance perception but not so much on the perceived aspect ratio of the surrounding space. Furthermore, those studies have focused on "open" spaces rather than urban areas enclosed by walls, houses and filled with people, cars, etc. In two experiments, we therefore measured, using a...

abstract aims: physical inactivity has been identified as the 4th leading risk factor for global mortality causing an estimated of 3.2million deaths per year. this study aimed to assess the physical activity of health volunteers with pender's health promotion model. instrument & methods: this cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 80 health volunteers in torbat-e-jam city, iran,...

Based on the traditional city, smart city is a new city that is constructed by Internet of things, mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data and other information technologies. Smart city can change interaction way of people, improve the real-time processing capability of information and response speed; promote comprehensive and sustainable development of various social works of smart city. Bu...

extended abstract introduction disproportionate development of cities and extended accumulation cause the phenomenon like as informal settlements. and the results of developing the informal settlements are forming different damages of economy, society and environment. results of thisseductions are inability of city a spaces in answering to largess necessity. generally this unbalance urban grow...

Geographical Information Systems (GISs) can be seen as a common tool to map and visualize the air quality index based on geographical locations. However, in urban areas, the area resolution for air quality models is less than 2 kilometres. Since the main emissions agent in urban areas is predominantly vehicular engines, the situation will become worse when pollutants are trapped between buildin...