after the soviet union dissolution, a chaotic period was begun in the russia. russia lost its glory and felt disgrace. the first group of elites came to power under yeltsin; they tried to re-define russia’s identity as a european country and build a foreign policy on this baseline. therefore russia tried to become closer with the west especially with the u.s. according to their view the sovie...

Development of cities and urbanization and the gradual increase in the number of large cities in the world, especially in developing countries, on the one hand, and expansion of cities, centralization and accumulation of population and the enhancement of economic and environmental burden on them, on the other hand, while brining the cities in the foreground, have resulted in the cities’ adoptin...

abstract the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using model essays on the development of writing proficiency of iranian pre-intermediate efl learners. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 55 pre- intermediate learners of parsa language institute were chosen by means of administering proficiency test. based on the results of the pretest, two matched groups, one as the expe...

The contemporary world possesses some issues such as urbanism and expansion of cities and these issues which require a specific type of planning. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) planning has emerged as one of the applicable planning methods, which tries to achieve integrated land use and transportation planning. In this study, TOD is conducted at a regional scale using an index measuring TOD...

At present, one of the issues of all cities is the urbanization and, consequently, the development of urban reptile tentacles on parakeet lands, the consequences of which are: Marginalization, destruction of agricultural lands, population growth of cities, failure to respond to certain services and utilities in the city, physical tissue fractures, environmental problems, especially pollution an...

  Educational organizations are among the most important in any society, and teachers are one of the most fundamental pillars of any educational system. Therefore, professional development is regarded as one of the main components engaged in teacher development and used by educational systems to improve teachers. Considering the necessity of attention toward professional development and due to ...