Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) extract and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine are used widely in weight loss/weight management and sports performance products. Because of structural similarities, the pharmacological effects of p-synephrine are widely assumed to be similar to those of ephedrine, m-synephrine (phenylephrine), and endogenous amine neurotransmitters as norepinephrine and epin...

Studies have shown that oxygenated compounds are important in beverage and food products. It seems that Citrus rootstocks have a profound influence on these factors. The goal of the present study is to investigate on rootstocks and these factors. Peel oil components were extracted using cold-press method and eluted using n-hexane.  All compounds analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Data were analyzed u...

Citrus oil is a clear volatile oil with a pleasant pungent odor. The material furnished for these experiments was extracted from citrus peel and is double distilled. Citrus peel oil mixed with dehydrated gum turpentine in the proportions of 80 per cent and 20 per cent respectively, has been used commercially as a deodorant and an insect repellant. Because of its penetrating properties citrus oi...

D-Limonene, shown in Figure 1, is a common naturally occurring compound with a citrus scent. It is often used as an additive in food products and fragrances, and is classified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). It has also been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for usage as a natural pesticide and insect repellent. Lim...

The objective of this study was to assess the limonene removal efficiency of three pre-treatment methods when applied to citrus waste and to evaluate their effects on the biochemical methane potential and the methane production rate using batch anaerobic tests. The methods tested were based on removal (biological pretreatment by fungi) or recovery (steam distillation and ethanol extraction) of ...

Intensively feeding animals can be a costly exercise, and as a result many producers are exploring innovative ways to reduce their input costs. Commercial by-products from the human food industry (eg brewers grain, citrus pulp and apple pulp) have recently become popular in animal production. Bakery waste displays favourable characteristics for animal production, however, limited information is...

A polysulfide material was synthesized by the direct reaction of sulfur and d-limonene, by-products of the petroleum and citrus industries, respectively. The resulting material was processed into functional coatings or molded into solid devices for the removal of palladium and mercury salts from water and soil. The binding of mercury(II) to the sulfur-limonene polysulfide resulted in a color ch...

studies had shown that oxygenated compounds were important in food products. It seems that Citrus species had a profound influence on this factor. The goal of the present study was to investigate on flavor components of two Citrus species. In the early week of June 2012, about 500 g of leaves were collected from many parts of the same trees. Leaf components were extracted using water distillati...

Citrus contains nutrients and phytochemicals that may be beneficial for health. We collected citrus production and consumption data and estimated the amount of these compounds that are consumed. We then compared the amounts of citrus and citrus-derived compounds used in studies that suggest a health benefit to the amounts typically found in citrus. Data is scarce, but suggests that citrus consu...

The major aromatic components of the essential leaf oil of the New Zealand lemonwood tree Pittosporum eugenioides are octyl acetate (33%), terpinen-4-ol (13%), decanol (6%) and (Z)-hex-3-enol (5%). These products are responsible for the characteristic Citrus-like aroma which is detected when the leaves are crushed, a phenomenon which provided the species with its common name. The major componen...