The role of citizens’ initiatives figures prominently in contemporary debates on constitutional change. It is widely believed that permitting initiatives should improve the congruence between citizen preferences and policy outcomes across the spectrum of issues on which initiatives may be placed. This paper investigates the theoretical basis for this view. It begins by identifying three basic r...

BACKGROUND Personalized medicine (PM) aims to offer tailored health care to individuals on the basis of their genetic profile. This paper explores the types of behaviors and practices that citizens are expected to adopt under PM, examines whether such expectations are realistic, and proposes strategies that could support citizens in the adoption of these behaviors. METHODS Recent reports from...

Using the Source-Position-Performance (SPP) framework and the literature on information and communication technology (ICT) impact, we posit that the IS capabilities owned by citizens (i.e., source of advantage) lead to ICT penetration among them (i.e., positional advantage), which in turn affects the sustainability of the country (i.e., national performance). Based on secondary data from 120 co...

OBJECTIVE To examine the introduction of citizens advice bureau sessions into general practice. DESIGN Prospective survey of 150 consecutive attenders. SETTING 10 Practices in south Birmingham that volunteered to participate. OUTCOME MEASURES The social characteristics of the population attending, the problems presented, the social security and other payments obtained, and the health prob...

in metropolitan development management, quality of public services is influential in every public sector to satisfaction of citizens on quality of services. nowadays, satisfaction are with such important matters that should be considered in the planning, implementation, management and maintenance of many public services such as subway, transportation, traffics, parks, markets and so on. the pur...

in traditional bazaars social interactions, parallel to economic and movement interactions, created a mixed urban space which was dynamic, lively and attractive to the audience. however, modern shopping centers and shopping malls are economy focused and void of variety of urban spaces like traditional bazaars. the presence of public open spaces and urban squares undetectable from traditional ba...

In recent years there has been a trend to view the Citizens' Observatory as an increasingly essential tool that provides an approach for better observing, understanding, protecting and enhancing our environment. However, there is no consensus on how to develop such a system, nor is there any agreement on what a Citizens' Observatory is and what results it could produce. The increase in the prev...