BACKGROUND The collateral circulation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Current knowledge of the collateral circulation remains sparse, largely because of prior limitations in methods for evaluation of these diminutive routes of cerebral blood flow. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Anatomic descriptions of the collateral circulation often focus on more proximal anastomoses at...

T he effects of hypertension and hypertrophy on the coronary circulation are subjects of increasing investigative interest.1-3 Animal studies have shown that the major conduit arteries are enlarged in pressure-overloaded, hypertrophied ventricles, but this increase falls short of paralleling the extent of hypertrophy.4 This enlargement is accompanied by an increase in the extracellular componen...

A NUMBER of methods utilizing extracorporeal devices to assist the circulation have been described and tested experimentally during the past five years.'-' The two categories into which these methods may be divided are synchronous and asynchronous assistance. Both of these approaches attempt to relieve the work of the heart and to provide an adequate arterial perfusion pressure. Asynchronous pa...

Volume 1, The Earth system: physical and chemical dimensions of global environmental change, pp 557–579 Ocean circulation is one of the major elements of climate, moving heat, freshwater, nutrients and dissolved gases. Ocean circulation at the largest spatial scales and long time scales contains many elements that are in common in the different oceans. Understanding the processes that drive the...

Molecular surveillance of HRSV in Belgium for 15 consecutive seasons (1996-2011) revealed a shift from a regular 3-yearly cyclic pattern, into a yearly alternating periodicity where HRSV-B is replaced by HRSV-A. Phylogenetic analysis for HRSV-A demonstrated the stable circulation of GA2 and GA5, with GA2 being dominant over GA5 during 5 consecutive seasons (2006-2011). We also identified 2 new ...

The following articles are being highlighted as part of Circulation’s Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in Circulation and the Circulation subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the articles related to diet and nutrition that were published in Circulation and the Circulation subspe...

The following articles are being highlighted as part of Circulation’s Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in Circulation and the Circulation subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the articles related to mitral valve disease that were published in Circulation and the Circulation subs...