Many tissues in the body have vitamin D receptors. Maintenance of adequate vitamin D serum levels has been linked to a variety of health benefi ts. Vitamin D defi ciency, defi ned as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level 20 ng/mL, is becoming a common issue as our population ages and sun exposure is minimized. Vitamin D defi ciency can lead to osteoporosis, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fa...

Despite some empirical evidence to the contrary, government subsidies to higher education are usually presumed to be inequitable because college-educated workers earn more than less educated workers. Using a simple model of educational choice with endogenous wages and two worker types, I obtain strong results concerning this conflict between effi ciency and equity —namely that equity and effi c...

O¢ cial Development Aid ‡ows are volatile, non-predictable and, also, nontransparent. All these features give rise to asymmetric information about the amount of aid ‡ows received by developing countries. This article uses a political economy model of rent extraction to show how this asymmetry (i) encourages rent extraction by kleptocratic regimes, thus reducing aid e¢ ciency, and (ii) increases...

In solar cells, internal quantum effi ciency (IQE) is the ratio of the number of charge carriers extracted from the cell to the number of photons absorbed in the active layer. Because IQE measurements normalize the current generation effi ciency by the light absorption effi ciency, they separate electronic properties from optical properties and provide useful information about the electrical pr...

This paper studies how information disclosure a ects investment e ciency and investor welfare in a dynamic setting in which a rm makes sequential investments to adjust its capital stock over time. We show that the e ects of accounting disclosures on investment e ciency and investor welfare crucially depend on whether such disclosures convey information about the rm's future capital stock or abo...

BULK is a very high level persistent programming language and environment for prototyp ing and implementing database applications BULK provides sets and sequences as primitive type constructors provides high level operations on them and allows programmers to de ne application oriented bulk types e g syntax trees bond portfolios or geographic maps BULK encourages separation of correctness and e ...

In order to limit hando blocking probability, in cellular systems admission control can be applied to new call requests and resources reserved for future hando attempts. Such resource reservation strategies have been widely studied in the literature. The denial of new call attempts, however, impacts system throughput creating a trade-o with hando performance. The contribution of this paper is a...

When truth con‡icts with e¢ ciency, can verbal communication destroy e¢ ciency? Or are lies or vagueness used to hide inconvenient truths? We consider a sequential 2-player public good game in which the leader has private information about the value of the public good. This value can be low, high, or intermediate, with the latter case giving rise to a prisoners’ dilemma. Without verbal communic...

Closer interaction in Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) could result increased worker ef?ciency manufacturing situations. However, physical cages often limit this. Our research is investigating the potential for using Augmented Reality (AR) to visualise virtual safety zones, thus replacing real cages. This paper presents initial experiments towards addressing issues of how display zones and what ...

In Distributed Problem Solving (DPS), Dynamic Reorganization is said to be e ective in order to cope with tradeo s between the global accuracy and the e ciency of the problem solving. In order to realize an architecture for the Dynamic Reorganization, it is important to consider a question \When should agents reorganize ?". Such architectures, where each agent has a Meta-level component and mak...