This study describes the removal of chromium from wastewater using pressure-driven membrane separation processes. It describes the rejection of trivalent chromium using a commercial membrane for reverse osmosis typed RO98pHt (Alfa Laval, Sweden). Model solutions of chromium were used for performing of separation experiments. The effects of feed pH, chromium concentration and temperature were in...

All metals are toxic and our bodies require special transport and handling mechanisms to keep them from harming us. The toxicity occurs in humans due to environmental pollution via soil or water contamination or due to occupational exposure. Some of these metals are useful to us in low concentrations but are highly toxic in higher concentrations. These metal toxicity cause serious morbidity and...

The reaction between chromium(III) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) takes place in at least three stages, involving various intermediates. The ligand (2,3-DHBA)-to-chromium(III) ratio in the final product of the reaction is 1 : 1. The first stage is suggested to be the reaction of [Cr(H(2)O)(5)(OH)](2+) with the ligand in weak acidic aqueous solutions that follows an I(d) mechanism. The...

Chromium (Cr) is a heavy metal that naturally occurs in the Earth’s crust, and can be found in groundwater in either the trivalent, Cr(III), or in the hexavalent, Cr(VI), form. While Cr(III) is considered an essential trace element for the human body, Cr(VI) is potentially dangerous for human health although the type and intensity of the effect are still being investigated. The widespread use o...

A new procedure for the determination of chromium species in polluted environmental samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed in this work. A new material containing 1,5-diphenylcarbazone included in a polymeric matrix was prepared and employed as a solid-phase extraction material for selective separation of Cr(III) ions under dynamic conditions. Chromium(III) ions were reta...

A n h y d r o u s c h r o m i u m ( I I I ) c h l o r i d e r e a c t s w i t h p u r e c a r b o x y l i c a c i d s ( R C O O H w h e r e R = C H 3 , C 2 H 5 , n C 3 H 7 , C H 2 C I , C H C I 2 a n d C C 1 3 ) t o g i v e b a s i c t r i n u c l e a r c h r o m i u m ( I I I ) c a r b o x y l a t e s o f t h e g e n e r a l f o r m u l a [ C r 3 0 ( 0 0 C R ) 6 ] + C l ~ . T h e r e a c t i o...