A rapid and. precise method for evaluating the miotic activity of cholinergic drugs has been developed based on Long's method, for measuring the rate of mydriasis. The rate of reversal of mydriasis developed, previously in the intact mouse eye by a mild mydriatic (phencyclidine) is used to evaluate the miotic activity. The method provides a useful tool for measuring and comparing the miotic act...

Introduction Cholinergic system is one of the important systems of mammalian CNS. Cholinergic neurons distributed in brain and spinal cord and contributed to principal functions like: consciousness, learning and memory, and motor control. In this study we investigated the differentiation potentiality of mouse embryonic stem cells toward cholinergic neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate...

The acetylcholine level of dog heart has been determined under hypothermia. It was increased at 28 degrees C, and decrease at 20 degrees C. Further, it was observed that the heart rate and blood pressure decreased with gradual reduction in the body temperature of the dog and ventricular fibrillation occurred in 50% of the animals at 20 degrees C. It is proposed that cholinergic agents may have ...

The airway narrowing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has often been misunderstood as being irreversible. However, a large proportion of patients with COPD do respond to bronchodilator agents with significant changes in lung function. Unlike in asthma, abnormalities in airway smooth muscle structure or function are not believed to play a key role in COPD airway narrowing. Althoug...

nence Society (ICS) as symptoms of urgency with or without urge incontinence, usually with increased frequency and nocturia. Since both normal voiding processes and involuntary detrusor contractions during bladder filling are mediated by muscarinic receptors, anticholinergic agents, such as oxybutynin, are currently recommended as first-line therapy for the treatment of overactive bladder. Alth...

Cholinergic agents are known to affect the epithelial transport of H2O and electrolytes in the kidney. In proximal tubule cells, cholinergic agonists increase basolateral Na-HCO(3) cotransport activity via M(1) muscarinic receptor activation. The signaling intermediates that couple these G protein-coupled receptors to cotransporter activation, however, are not well defined. We therefore sought ...

The neocortex has proven resistant to LTP induction using standard in vitro and acute, in vivo preparations. Because the neocortex is widely thought to be involved in long-term information storage, this resistance raises questions about the validity of LTP as a memory model. Recently, we have shown that the neocortex of freely moving rats reliably supports LTP, provided that the stimulation is ...