Growth assays were conducted with 8-dayold crossbred chicks to evaluate the available choline in 44 and 49% protein soybean meals, and also in whole heat-treated soybeans. A choline-free (experimental basal d i e t ) p r e t e s t diet was imposed from day 5 to 8 posthatching to diminish choline stores. Soybean sources were added at 5 and 10% to the basal diet, and a choline response curve was ...

The results of studying the physical properties a deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and sulfosalicylic acid have been presented. A phase diagram for this two-component mixture has constructed, dependences its density refractive index temperature studied first time. molar refractivity under study calculated. possibility using as an extractant recovery metal ions in solid–liquid sys...

The extraction of organic pollutants from environmental samples using green solvents has received a lot interest recently. Simply said, this is due to their extremely low toxicity and volatility when compared the common solvents. Therefore, many exercises now include ionic solvents, as well more current deep eutectic (DES). Hence, study reports on 1) synthesis characterisation choline chloride/...

Choline is involved in relevant neurochemical processes. In particular, it is the precursor and metabolite of acetylcholine (ACh). Choline is an essential component of different membrane phospholipids that are involved in intraneuronal signal transduction. On the other hand, cholinergic precursors are involved in ACh release and carry out a neuroprotective effect based on an anti-inflammatory a...

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The first electrochemical series in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) is described. Speciation resulting from the unusual chemistry of the choline chloride based DES is used to explain both similarities and differences from aqueous media. We give examples of how these differences can be exploited in technologically important systems.

The results of liver perfusion experiments of Guggenheim and Loeffler (2) suggested that choline is oxidized to betainealdehyde (formylmethyltrimethyl ammonium ion). The products of reactions in vitro (3-6) exhibited the properties of betainealdehyde and betaine. It was shown that these products are formed by two enzymes of rat liver (7), choline oxidase of mitochondria (8, 9), and betainealdeh...

The Cover Feature illustrates the distribution of different components aqueous choline chloride solution around hydrophobe methane. hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules, cations, and ions are shown using light yellow dots. preferred orientations with respect to methane at distances from latter quantified in a 2D histogram. More information can be found Research Article by Rajarshi Chak...

Interfacial behavior of selected biologically and technologically relevant ions is studied using molecular dynamics simulations employing polarizable potentials. Propensities of choline, tetraalkylammonium (TAA), and sodium cations, and sulfate and chloride anions for the air/water interface are analyzed by means of density profiles. Affinity of TAA ions for the interface increases with their i...

BACKGROUND Homozygosity for the variant 677T allele in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene increases the requirement for folate and may alter the metabolic use of choline. The choline adequate intake is 550 mg/d for men, although the metabolic consequences of consuming extra choline are unclear. OBJECTIVE Deuterium-labeled choline (d9-choline) as tracer was used to determine ...