If we could extract, purify, and visualize the intact DNA molecules from chloroplasts, what would those molecules look like? Most would expect to find circular DNA molecules the size of the chloroplast genome. By contrast, however, only a small fraction of the DNA obtained from chloroplasts is found as genome-sized circles. The reasons for this profound discrepancy are the subject of this artic...

If we could extract, purify, and visualize the intact DNA molecules from chloroplasts, what would those molecules look like? Most would expect to find circular DNA molecules the size of the chloroplast genome. By contrast, however, only a small fraction of the DNA obtained from chloroplasts is found as genome-sized circles. The reasons for this profound discrepancy are the subject of this artic...

If we could extract, purify, and visualize the intact DNA molecules from chloroplasts, what would those molecules look like? Most would expect to find circular DNA molecules the size of the chloroplast genome. By contrast, however, only a small fraction of the DNA obtained from chloroplasts is found as genome-sized circles. The reasons for this profound discrepancy are the subject of this artic...

If we could extract, purify, and visualize the intact DNA molecules from chloroplasts, what would those molecules look like? Most would expect to find circular DNA molecules the size of the chloroplast genome. By contrast, however, only a small fraction of the DNA obtained from chloroplasts is found as genome-sized circles. The reasons for this profound discrepancy are the subject of this artic...

BACKGROUND Compared to their counterparts in animals, the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of angiosperms exhibit a number of unique features. However, unravelling their evolution is hindered by the few completed genomes, of which are essentially Sanger sequenced. While next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized chloroplast genome sequencing, they are just beginning to be applied to ...

Chloroplast sequence data are widely used to infer phylogenies of plants and algae. With the increasing availability of complete chloroplast genome sequences, the opportunity arises to resolve ancient divergences that were heretofore problematic. On the flip side, properly analyzing large multi-gene data sets can be a major challenge, as these data may be riddled with systematic biases and conf...

Genome evolution is shaped not only by nucleotide substitutions, but also by structural changes including gene and genome duplications, insertions/deletions and gene order rearrangements. Reconstruction of phylogeny based on gene order changes has been limited to cases where equal gene content or few deletions can be assumed. Since conserved duplicated regions are present in many Chloroplast ge...

The plastid genome from subclover, Trifolium subterraneum, is unusual in a variety of respects, compared with other land-plant chloroplast DNAs. Gene mapping of subclover chloroplast DNA reveals major structural reorganization of the genome. Ten clusters of genes are rearranged in both order and orientation. Eight large inversions are sufficient to explain this reorganization; however, the actu...

The phylogenetic branching order of the green algal groups that gave rise to land plants remains uncertain despite its fundamental importance to understanding plant evolution. Previous studies have demonstrated that land plants evolved from streptophyte algae, but different lineages of streptophytes have been suggested to be the sister group of land plants. To better understand the evolutionary...

The authors would like to amend this article based on the discovery that the originally published Acacia ligulata sequence contains assembly errors, which came to light after the publication of the article. We have since re-sequenced part of the original genome, and in a separate project, sequenced the chloroplast genome of another individual from the same species, using an improved sequencing ...