Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent bioactive phospholipid, is a natural component of food products like soy and egg yolk. LPA modulates a number of epithelial functions and has been shown to inhibit cholera toxin-induced diarrhea. Antidiarrheal effects of LPA are known to be mediated by inhibiting chloride secretion. However, the effects of LPA on chloride absorption in the mammalian intesti...

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel that is defective in cystic fibrosis, and has also been closely associated with ATP permeability in cells. Using a Xenopus oocyte cRNA expression system, we have evaluated the molecular mechanisms that control CFTR-modulated ATP release. CFTR-modulated ATP release was dependent on both cAMP activation and a gra...

Chloride and carbonates have the potential to impact pathway, kinetics, and efficiency of oxidation reactions, both as radical scavengers and as metal complexing agents. Traditionally, it is assumed that they have an overall negative impact on the activated persulfate performance. This study investigated the influence of carbonates and chloride on the reactivity of persulfate for three differen...

GEF1 is a gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which encodes a putative voltage-regulated chloride channel. gef1 mutants have a defect in the high-affinity iron transport system, which relies on the cell surface multicopper oxidase Fet3p. The defect is due to an inability to transfer Cu+ to apoFet3p within the secretory apparatus. We demonstrate that the insertion of Cu into apoFet3p is dependent ...

The new alcohol- and ether-functionalised-NHC silver(I) complexes bis(1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)silver(I) chloride, [Ag{ImDiPP(C2OH)}2]Cl (4), bis(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-mesityl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)silver(I) chloride, [Ag{ImMes(C2OH)}2]Cl (5), bis(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)silver(I) chloride, [Ag{ImMe(C2OH)}2]Cl (6), b...

Cu(II)Cl complexes can undergo stepwise electrochemical reduction to Cu(I)Cl and then to Cu. In this paper, the Nernst equation is used to simultaneously calculate the temperature-dependent stability constants of both mononuclear Cu(II)Cl and Cu(I)Cl complexes for the first time. First, voltammograms were recorded at a Pt ultramicroelectrode (UME) with a variable of free chloride concentration ...

During lysosomal acidification, proton-pump currents are thought to be shunted by a chloride ion (Cl-) channel, tentatively identified as ClC-7. Surprisingly, recent data suggest that ClC-7 instead mediates Cl-/proton (H+) exchange. We generated mice carrying a point mutation converting ClC-7 into an uncoupled (unc) Cl- conductor. Despite maintaining lysosomal conductance and normal lysosomal p...

The structure of anhydrous nickel, niobium and tantalum metal chlorides in ionic liquids IL) is important in the development of new electrochemical alloy deposition techniques. In order to understand the interactions of these metal ions with ionic liquids, we have investigated their structures in situ with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The ionic liquid used in this study is 1-methyl-3-et...

This work has established the optimum reaction conditions in a biphasic system using microcrystalline cellulose as the raw material, an ionic liquid as the solvent, metal chloride as a catalyst, and an organic solvent as the extraction reagent. The optimum reaction conditions were microcrystalline cellulose:ionic liquid 1:10 (mass ratio), chromium(III) chloride (CrCl3) 6.8 mol% (based on the gl...

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that low microM concentrations of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an endogenous bronchodilator, may promote maturation of the defective cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Because nitric oxide (NO) and GSNO levels appear to be low in the CF airway, there is an interest in the possibility that GSNO replacement could be of therapeutic ben...