the effects of postharvest application of cobalt chloride were investigated on vase life of rose stood individually in vials and the other ones placing daffodil flowers in a vase with a rose flower.  therefore, roses were treated with: cocl 2 (100, 200, 300 mg l -1 , respectively) or distilled water (control). the results showed that the decreased vase life of rose flowers, after daffodil was p...

Y. F. Cheng, H. Su, D. Rose, S. S. Gunthe, M. Berghof, B. Wehner, P. Achtert, A. Nowak, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, M. Shiraiwa, Y. G. Gong, M. Shao, M. Hu, T. Zhu, Y. H. Zhang, A. Wiedensohler, M. O. Andreae, and U. Pöschl College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany Biogeochemistry Departme...

Owing to new biotechnological production units mostly located in China, global supply of citric acid in the course of the last two decades rose from less than 0.5 to more than 2 million tonnes becoming the single largest chemical obtained via biomass fermentation and the most widely employed organic acid. Critically reviewing selected research achievements and production trends, we identify the...

During hindbrain development, facial branchiomotor neurons (FBM neurons) migrate from medial rhombomere (r) 4 to lateral r6. In zebrafish, mutations in planar cell polarity genes celsr2 and frizzled3a block caudal migration of FBM neurons. Here, we investigated the role of cadherins Celsr1-3, and Fzd3 in FBM neuron migration in mice. In Celsr1 mutants (knock-out and Crash alleles), caudal migra...

This paper estimates trends in absolute poverty in urban China from 1988 to 2002 using the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) surveys. Poverty incidence curves are plotted, showing that poverty has fallen markedly during the period regardless of the exact location of the poverty line. Income inequality rose from 1988 to 1995 but has been fairly constant thereafter. Models of the determinat...

China has experienced remarkably stable growth and inflation in recent years according to official statistics. We use systematic discrepancies between cross-sectional and time-series Engel curves to construct alternative estimates of Chinese growth and inflation. Our estimates suggest that official statistics present a smoothed version of reality. Official inflation rose in the 2000s, but our e...