Hydrothermal vent systems harbor rich microbial communities ranging from aerobic mesophiles to anaerobic hyperthermophiles. Among these, members of the archaeal domain are prevalent in microbial communities in the most extreme environments, partly because of their temperature-resistant and robust membrane lipids. In this study, we use geochemical and molecular microbiological methods to investi...

BACKGROUND Burning biomass fuels indoors for cooking is associated with high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). More efficient biomass-burning stoves and chimneys for ventilation have been proposed as solutions to reduce indoor pollution. We sought to quantify indoor PM and CO exposures in urban and rural households and determine factors associated with higher e...

A model for time dependent analysis of solar chimneys is presented. The energy balance equations for three components of solar chimneys, absorbing plate, cover glass and air-gap are discretized with respect to time using an implicit finite difference model. The discretized nonlinear energy balance equations are solved for numerous time steps over a 24-h period using the Newton–Raphson method. T...

A new efficient cell was developed to generate a large quantity of aerosol using an ultrasonic nebulizer. The currently used conventional pail-type cell cannot generate such a large quantity of aerosol because a large portion of the mist is lost by agglomeration and subsequent liquefaction onto the cell wall and liquid surface. The newly developed cell is a chimney-type cell characterized by th...

OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to evaluate short- and mid-term outcomes of the left subclavian artery (LSA) chimney stent implantation (LSACSI) during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), and to summarize our experience with this technique. METHODS From June 2010 to September 2012, 59 patients (49 men; mean age of 57.4 ± 13.3 years, range from 26 to 83 years) who un...

A solar chimney power plant consists of four main parts, a solar collector, a chimney, an energy storage layer, and a wind turbine. So far, several investigations on the performance of the solar chimney power plant have been conducted. Among them, different approaches have been applied to model the turbine inside the system. In particular, a real wind turbine coupled to the system was simulated...