BACKGROUND Methadone is frequently administered to adults experiencing anesthesia and receiving pain treatment. Methadone pharmacokinetics in adults are well characterized, including the perioperative period. Methadone is also used in children. There is, however, no information on methadone pharmacokinetics in children of any age. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the pharmacok...

BACKGROUND Each year in the UK, ≈3000 children undergo major cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Approximately 40 % of these experience excessive bleeding necessitating red cell transfusion or treatment with other blood components. A further 40 % receive blood components because of the perception by clinicians that the risk of bleeding is high. Excessive bleeding and treatment wit...

Background & Objectives: Caudal epidural and dorsal nerve penile blockade are commonly used for analgesia during after hypospadias repair in children. Comparative studies to recommend the most effective block dearth. This study aims compare versus caudal with bupivacaine children terms of post-operative effectiveness, pain management, complications. Methodology: The was conducted on 60 male...

BACKGROUND Levosimendan has pharmacologic and hemodynamic advantages over conventional intravenous inotropic agents. It has been used mainly as a rescue drug in the pediatric intensive care unit or in the operating room. We present the largest single-center experience of levosimendan in children. METHODS Retrospective analysis of all children who received levosimendan infusions between July 5...

We assessed the feasibility and efficacy of subcutaneous erythropoietin alpha (EPO) therapy and preoperative autologous blood donation (ABD) in children undergoing open heart surgery. Thirty-nine children were treated consecutively with EPO (100 U x kg(-1) s.c. three times a week in the 3 weeks preceding the operation and i.v. on the day of surgery) and two ABDs were made (Group 1). As controls...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with laparoscopic surgery in children with sickle cell disease. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed to analyze the indication for surgery, perioperative management, surgical technique, complications, duration of hospitalization, and outcome. One pediatric surgeon performed all procedures. RESULTS Thirteen children...

Main Outcome Measures: Demographics, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality associated with scoliosis surgery. Results: Of 17 780 reported hospitalizations owing to scoliosis surgery, 437 children (2.5%) had NMD. Compared with children undergoing scoliosis surgery for other indications, children with NMD were more likely to be younger (12.4 vs 14.2 years), male (73.5% vs 38.3%), and...

Background: The intranasal route is a reliable way to administer preanaesthetics and sedatives children. aim of present study was compare the anxiolytic sedative effects dexemedetomidine midazolam as premedication in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery.. Patients Methods: Fifty chidrens 2-12 years age group either sex surgery were randomly allocated into two groups...

Initial follow-up Children with complications should be reviewed weekly until improvement is noted. The first follow-up visit for uncomplicated cases must be within 2–4 weeks after surgery. If possible, children should undergo refraction at this first postoperative visit; this minimises travelling for the parents and reduces the likelihood of missed follow-up appointments. Children undergoing c...