There has been no clearly demonstrated cancer incidence increase that can be attributed to radiation from Chernobyl accident, except for the thyroid carcinoma in the individuals exposed in childhood and adolescence. The drastic increase of thyroid cancer started 4 years after the accident. The solid/follicular subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma predominated in the early period after the acc...

We found an epidemic of juvenile hypothyroidism among a population of self-defined "downwinders" living near the Hanford nuclear facility located in southeast Washington State. The episode followed massive releases of 131I. Self-reported data on 60 cases of juvenile hypothyroidism (<20 years of age) among a group of 801 Hanford downwinders are presented, as well as data concerning the thyroid s...

Citation: Jernfors T, Kesäniemi J, Lavrinienko A, Mappes T, Milinevsky G, Møller AP, Mousseau TA, Tukalenko E and Watts PC (2018) Transcriptional Upregulation of DNA Damage Response Genes in Bank Voles (Myodes glareolus) Inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Front. Environ. Sci. 5:95. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2017.00095 Transcriptional Upregulation of DNA Damage Response Genes in Bank Voles (Myode...

21st CENTURY Spring–Summer 2006 59 about 50 percent lower than in the average male population of England and Wales (Berrington et al. 2001). Also, in many other population groups which were exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation, a deficit of neoplasmic malignancies was observed. Worst Harm Was to Minds Thus, perhaps surprisingly, one can say that the worst harm to the people exposed to the...

The Chernobyl accident in 1986 has been and still is the subject of great interest. Journalistic reports often contain exaggerations and undocumented statements and much uncertainty about the true consequences of the accident prevails in the population. This article reviews the current literature with the focus on reports from official commissions and documentation in the form of controlled stu...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in children and adolescents is a medical problem that attracts attention of investigators and clinicians primarily because of the high incidence of this malignancy in individuals exposed to radioactive isotopes of iodine in case of nuclear reactor emergencies. New facts uncovered by various research groups make it possible to see the clinical and pathological p...

The ret proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase with a cadherin-like motif in the extracellular domain. Recently, it turned out that ret is the causative gene for the development of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and type 2B and Hirschsprung's disease. MEN 2A and MEN 2B mutations represent activating changes of ret whereas Hirschsprung mutations inactivate ret. In addition...

In this study, we compare the morphological and genetic characteristics of 38 post-Chernobyl thyroid papillary carcinomas from Belarussian children 5-18 years old with those of 23 sporadic papillary carcinomas from the same age children without history of radiation exposure from Los Angeles and Cincinnati. Among radiation-induced tumors, solid variant of papillary carcinoma was found in 37%, fo...

The mental health impact of Chernobyl is regarded by many experts as the largest public health problem unleashed by the accident to date. This paper reviews findings reported during the 20-y period after the accident regarding stress-related symptoms, effects on the developing brain, and cognitive and psychological impairments among highly exposed cleanup workers. With respect to stress-related...