Function and evolution of tele-enhancers ABSTRACT We investigated discriminating features between enhancers separated from their target genes by at least one intermediate gene/exon (named tele-enhancers in this study) and enhancers residing inside the target gene locus. In this study, we used genome-scale enhancer maps and whole-genome gene expression profiles to establish a large panel of hear...

Gene therapy is in its development stage as a novel method for cancer treatment. Liposomes look promising as gene delivery vectors; however, investigations have shown that these vesicles are not doing well in some cases. It was decided here to investigate the possibility of augmentation of liposomal gene delivery by chemical penetration enhancers.Cationic liposome containing antisense oligonucl...

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ionization, current density and penetration enhancers on the iontophoretic delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) through excised human stratum corneum (HSC). The iontophoretic (cathodal) transport of 5-FU was assessed in vitro at three physiologically relevant pH values of 5.0, 7.4 and 8.0, at various levels of current density ranging betw...

The present study investigated the feasibility of ostrich oil utilizing as a promising vehicle for improved skin permeation of sinomenine with reference to vaseline matrix containing different content of chemical enhancers. The fatty acid composition of ostrich oil was analyzed by GC-MS. Penetration enhancing potential of ostrich oil on permeation of sinomenine across rat abdominal skin in vitr...

Chromatin-based functional genomic analyses and genomewide association studies (GWASs) together implicate enhancers as critical elements influencing gene expression and risk for common diseases. Here, we performed systematic chromatin and transcriptome profiling in human pancreatic islets. Integrated analysis of islet data with those from nine cell types identified specific and significant enri...

Abstract High-grade glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous, malignant cancer with no cure to date. A sex-biased incidence and therapeutic response reported (1) for GBM male female ratio of 1.6:1 patients having 4-6 month survival advantage (2) compared patients. In our current work, we sought determine the molecular basis sex-bias in using an isogenic murine model dual loss neurofibromin ...

Studies of regulatory activity and gene expression have revealed an intriguing dichotomy: There is substantial turnover in the regulatory activity of orthologous sequences between species; however, the expression level of orthologous genes is largely conserved. Understanding how distal regulatory elements, for example, enhancers, evolve and function is critical, as alterations in gene expressio...