In this paper, experimental values of nuclear charge radii in database published 2013 (CR2013 database) are systematically investigated. We analyze the relationship among three neighboring nuclei based on radius isotope chain database. Then we obtain a new relation for atomic nuclei: given nucleus is equal to average its two nuclei. calculate by combining with CR2013 database, root-mean-squared...

We present a novel method for extracting the proton radius from elastic electron-proton ($ep$) scattering data. The approach is based on interpolation via continued fractions augmented by statistical sampling and avoids any assumptions form of function used representation data subsequent extrapolation onto $Q^2\simeq 0$. Applying to extant modern $e p$ sets, we find that all results are mutuall...

We derive a formally simple approximate analytical solution to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the spherical system via a geometric mapping. Its regime of applicability in the parameter space of the spherical radius and the surface potential is determined, and its superiority over the linearized solution is demonstrated.

This paper studies the influence of various parameters and conditions on the performance of an ion-beam extraction system, the trajectories of the particles in the beam being simulated by a commercial software (SIMION 3D). Space-charge effects are accounted for and criteria allowing optimization of the system are proposed. Ion beam trajectories with and without space charge have been determined...