Energy-transport models taking into account impact ionization are derived from a kinetic framework by formal asymptotic methods. The derivation is based on a system of Boltzmann transport equations governing the distribution functions of conduction electrons and holes in a semiconductor. The charge carriers are assumed to obey a degenerate gas statistics. The energy exchanged during collisions ...

Water permeation across a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) under the influence of a mobile external charge has been studied with molecular dynamics simulations. This designed nanopore shows an excellent on-off gating behavior by a single external charge (of value +1.0e): it is both sensitive to the available charge signal when it is close (less than a critical distance of 0.85 A or about ha...

Gravitational field in general relativity is a manifestation of spacetime curvature and (unlike the electromagnetic field) is not a force field. A body falling toward the Earth is represented by a geodesic worldline which means that no force is acting on it. If a body is on the Earth’s surface, however, its worldline is no longer geodesic and it is subjected to a force. The nature of that force...

p { margin-bottom: 0.1in; direction: rtl; line-height: 120%; text-align: right; }a:link { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); } In this paper, the reported experimental data related to electrical transport properties in bulk ZnO, ZnMgO/ZnO and ZnMgO/ZnO/ZnMgO single and double heterostructures were analyzed quantitavely and the most important scattering parameters on controlling electron concentratio...

We propose a dynamic framework which encompasses the main risks in balance sheets of banks in an integrated fashion. Our contributions are fourfold: (1) solving a simple one-period model that describes the optimal bank policy under credit risk; (2) estimating the long-term stochastic processes underlying the risk factors in the balance sheet, taking into account the credit and interest rate cyc...

soil colloid particles influence soil chemical and physical properties by their surface electrical charge. with respect to the importance of this issue from both agricultural and environmental points of view, charging behavior of a kaolinite sample was studied in the ph range of 4 to 10 and at three background electrolyte concentrations, including 0.005, 0.05, 0.5 m nacl, by potentiometric titr...

Using a surface force balance with fast video analysis, we have measured directly the attractive forces between oppositely charged solid surfaces (charge densities sigma(+), sigma(-)) across water over the entire range of interaction, in particular, at surface separations D below the Debye screening length lambda(S). At very low salt concentration we find a long-ranged attraction between the su...

Microgrids (MGs) contain a diverse mix of energy resources to provide safe and secure power to the consumers. Batteries are utilized in MGs for further energy security assurance as well as cost minimization. In this paper, an efficient approach is introduced for simultaneous energy management and optimal battery sizing to accomplish economic MG operation. Also, demand response programs are empl...

The ion–aerosol balance equations are solved to get the profiles of atmospheric electric parameters over the ground surface in an aerosol-rich environment under the conditions of surface radioactivity. Combining the earlier results for low aerosol concentrations and the present results for high aerosol concentrations, a relation is obtained between the average value of atmospheric electric spac...