We revisit the classic Cournot model and extend it to a twoechelon supply chain with an upstream supplier who operates under demand uncertainty and multiple downstream retailers who compete over quantity. The supplier’s belief about retail demand is modeled via a continuous probability distribution function F . If F has the decreasing generalized mean residual life (DGMRL) property, then the su...

The government organizations grant incentives to promote green product consumption, improve green product quality, boost remanufacturing activities, etc. through various policies. The objective of this study is to highlight pros and cons of two incentive policies, namely (1) incentive on manufacturer’s R&D investment and (2) direct incentive to consumer based on greening level of the product on...

Pricing decisions of a two-echelon supply chain with one manufacturer and duopolistic retailers in fuzzy environment are considered in this paper.Themanufacturer produces a product and sells it to the two retailers, who in turn retail it to end customers. The fuzziness is associatedwith the customers’ demand and themanufacturing cost.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of two ret...

Pricing is one of the major aspects of decision making in supply chain. In the previous works mostly a centralized environment is considered indicating the retailers cannot independently apply their decisions on the pricing strategy. Although in a two-echelon decentralized environment it may be possible that supply chain contributors have encountered with different market power situations which...

and Applied Analysis 3 Table 1: Comparison between the papers discussing integrated inventory model with a trade credit. Author s Demand rate Production rate Production/purchase cost Freight rate Wholesale price Abad and Jaggi 39 Retail price sensitive Constant Constant — Constant Jaber and Osman 40 Constant — — — Constant Yang and Wee 41 Retail price sensitive — Constant — Constant Sheen and T...

To investigate pricing strategy and coordination mechanisms of the dual-channel supply chain with a retailer that has countervailing power to manufacturer, we consider effect product variety in developing decentralized centralized game models. By solving these modes comparing results, find following: (i) The retailer's offline retail price is greater than online manufacturer when market share s...

Supply chain management has been described as an integration of business process that is associated with operational management and marketing problems, such as inventory control, information sharing and supply chain coordination. Over the last few decades, researchers in the area of supply chain management have been very active in seeking optimal policies for supply chain members in order for t...

Managing income is a considerable dimension in supply chain management in current economic atmosphere. Real world situation makes it inevitable not to design or redesign supply chain. Redesign will take place as costs increase or new services for customers’ new demands should be provided. Pricing is an important fragment of Supply chain due to two reasons: first, represents revenue based ...

Cooperative advertising, which usually occurs in a vertical supply chain, is typically a cost sharing and promotion mechanism for the manufacturer to affect retail performance. Research in the literature, reference price is usually in his mind and plays a determinant role. Taking into account the impact of advertising on the reference price, this paper proposes a dynamic cooperative advertising...