Peroral cholangioscopy (PCS) has been performed in 22 cases using XCHF-B200 (Olympus Optical Co.) since June 1995 and in 77 cases using CHF-B20 (Olympus Optical Co.) after EST from Jan. 1989. XCHF-B200 has a longer rigid portion of distal end and a smaller channel diameter than CHF-B20. The successful rate of PCS using XCHF-B200 (82%) was lower than that of CHF-B20 (89%). The vascular pattern a...

Here we identify a novel class of biological membrane ion channel blockers called single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNTs with diameter distributions peaked at approximately 0.9 and 1.3 nm, C60 fullerenes, multi wall nanotubes (MWNTs), and hyperfullerenes (nano-"onions") were synthesized by several techniques and applied to diverse channel types heterologously expressed in mammalian cells...

of wood debris size and shape is proposed for use in river and stream channel surveys and restoration projects. Dividing wood debris length and diameter into seven categories, respectively distinguished by an alphanumeric code, results in a total of forty-nine distinct size and shape categories. Intended to be analogous to the phi class intervals used to characterize channel bed substrate, this...

Physiological roles of ATP-sensitive K+ channels for spontaneous activity in isolated rat mesenteric lymph microvessels (maximum diameter ∼80-150 μm) were investigated. The lymph microvessels were cannulated with glass micropipettes and pressurized at a perfusion pressure of 6 cmH2O. Changes in the diameter and frequency of spontaneous contractions in the lymphatics were measured with videomicr...

A 53-kDa protein from the outer sheath of the oral spirochete Treponema denticola was purified to homogeneity and shown to reconstitute channels in black lipid bilayer model membranes. The channel had a single-channel conductance of 1.8 nS in 0.1 M KCl, making this the largest porin channel observed to date (estimated diameter, 3.4 nm). Electron micrographs of 53-kDa-protein-containing outer sh...

-Silicon (Si) Gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFETs offers full electrostatic control over the gate which makes them promising candidates for the next generation complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (CMOS) devices. Due to variations in the growth condition, the cross-section of GAA MOSFETs is often elliptical instead of being perfectly circular. This elliptical cross section...

PURPOSE To examine the anatomical variation of normal human collector channel orifices and their relationship with Schlemm's canal. METHODS Ten human anterior segments fixed by immersion or perfusion were dissected radially and further divided by fine dissection into corresponding inner and outer wall segments. The tissues were dehydrated, critical-point dried, sputter coated, and examined by...

An experiment set-up is used to study wall deposition rate of particles on a rough surface in a turbulent channel flow. Deposition velocities for three classes of particles, namely, spherical glass particles, irregular shape polymer particles, and fibrous silicon particles are studied. The particle concentration at the test section was measured with the aid of an isokinetic probe in conjunction...

We report a flexible shaft-based mechanical scanning photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) system that can be potentially used for imaging the human gastrointestinal tract via the instrument channel of a clinical video endoscope. The development of such a catheter endoscope has been an important challenge to realize the technique's benefits in clinical settings. We successfully implemented a prototype ...

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and laminin are important factors for neural development and regeneration. We examined the effects of increasing the local concentration and duration of action of NGF and laminin on peripheral nerve regeneration in the adult mouse sciatic nerve. A Silastic (silicone rubber) channel with intraluminal NGF solution was secured between transected nerve ends. The second cha...