Previous experiments investigating ERP correlates of anticipatory attention shifts triggered by central symbolic cues have identified a contralateral "early directing attention negativity," which was assumed to be generated by processes involved in the control of spatial orienting. Here we demonstrate that this component is not directly linked to the control of attentional shifts, but instead r...

In this paper, we describe how to construct an efficient and unconditionally secure verifiable threshold changeable scheme, in which any participants can verify whether the share given by the dealer is correct or not, in which the combiner can verify whether the pooled shares are correct or not, and in which the threshold can be updated plural times to the values determined in advance. An optim...