Treatment of cervical fracture and dislocation by improving the anterior cervical technique.Anterior cervical approach has been extensively used in treating cervical spine fractures and dislocations. However, when this approach is used in the treatment of locked facet joints, an unsatisfactory intraoperative reduction and prying reduction increases the risk of secondary spinal cord injury. Thus...

BACKGROUND Although cervical skin and platysmal laxity are more apparent at the lateral area of the neck, the reported treatments focus on performing plication on the anterior midline or releasing the muscle's lateral border and tractioning it back. Because of the ineffectiveness of such methods in solving more complex cases, surgeons have been trying more efficient procedures that are also ris...

background: surgical technique using small-diameter  instruments and single-incision laparoscopy are two new options for less invasive laparoscopic cholecystectomy (lc). in this study, we have compared mini-lc (mlc) with single-incision lc (silc). materials and methods: this study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on the patients diagnosed with  symptomatic cholelithiasis who underwent l...

BACKGROUND In the vast majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) the causative pathology is a benign solitary adenoma. The conventional surgical approach for HPT has involved bilateral cervical exploration with attempted identification of all four parathyroids and resection of enlarged glands. However, in recent years new techniques have permitted accurate preoperative localis...

Background: Surgical skin incisions in rhytidoplasty are very diverse compared to their original form approximately 100 years ago, when the operation was first performed. Many strategies have been proposed to improve this procedure so as to reduce scarring, anatomic distortion of the external ear, and hair loss. To diminish the inconveniences of periauricu lar scars and hair loss and in order t...

Surgical removal of intrathoracic goiter can be performed by a cervical approach in the majority of patients. Review of literature shows that experienced surgeons need to perform an extracervical approach in 2-3% of cases. In spite of surgical management of substernal goiter is well defined, there is little available information about surgical approach of intrathoracic goiters extending beyond ...

This very thin, delicate fascia is found just deep to the skin and envelopes the muscles of the head and neck including platysma and the muscles of facial expression. It is so thin that it may be difficult to identify when incising the neck. It extends from the epicranium above to the axillae and upper chest below and includes the superficial musculo-aponeurotic system/SMAS. The space deep to t...

Posterior cervical foraminotomy is an effective surgical technique for the treatment of radicular pain caused by foraminal stenosis or posterolateral herniated discs. The present study was performed to compare the clinical parameters and surgical outcomes of open foraminotomy/discectomy (OF/OFD) and tubular retractor assisted foraminotomy/discectomy (TAF/TAFD) in the treatment of cervical radic...