OBJECTIVE Cerebral perfusion pressure<40 mm Hg following pediatric traumatic brain injury has been associated with increased mortality independent of age, and current guidelines recommend maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure between 40 mm Hg-60 mm Hg. Although adult traumatic brain injury studies have observed an increased risk of complications associated with targeting a cerebral perfusion ...

3. Li Volti G, Sorrenti V, Murabito P et al. Pharmacological induction of heme oxygenase-1 inhibits iNOS and oxidative stress in renal ischemiareperfusion injury. Transplant Proc 2007; 39: 2986–2991 4. Datta PK, Koukouritaki SB, Hopp KA et al. Heme oxygenase-1 induction attenuates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and proteinuria in glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 2540–2...

We read with interest the study by Christiansen and colleagues [1] in the previous issue of Critical Care. In a large cohort study, the authors report that among diabetic patients who are admitted to the ICU, the preadmission use of metformin is associated with a lower mortality rate. Here, we highlight that metformin limits ischemiareperfusion injury (IRI) and modulates inflammation by increas...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes involved in a variety of biological processes, including lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Members of the PPAR family—in particular, PPAR—have more recently been shown to broadly regulate inflammatory and reparative responses. PPARis expressed...

posttraumatic cerebral infarction is a rare complication and is an indicator of poor clinical outcome of head-trauma in spite of appropriate medical and surgical interventions. cerebellar infarction following head trauma is also very rare and only a few reported cases are available in literatures. a 2-year-old child sustained head injury in a car accident and underwent surgery because of cerebr...

Early reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium has been shown to reduce mortality in acute myocardial infarction. Unfortunately, reperfusion, although necessary to relieve ischemia, may be followed by morphological, functional, and electrical changes that result in additional myocardial damage, known as reperfusion injury. In animal models, several pharmacologic agents and reperfusion strategies ...

Understanding the pathophysiology of paediatric head trauma is essential for rational acute management. It has been proposed that the response to severe head injury in children differs from that in adults, with increased cerebral blood flow (cerebral hyperaemia) representing the most common cause of raised intracranial pressure, but this has recently been disputed. The relation between the path...

how to cite this article: wilson md. animal models of cerebral palsy: hypoxic brain injury in the newborn. iran j child neurol. spring 2015; 9(2):9-16. abstract objective hypoxic insults are implicated in the spectrum of fetal disorders, including cerebral palsy (cp). in view of the major contribution of intrapartum risk factors and prematurity to subsequent neurological morbidity and mortality...

Posttraumatic cerebral infarction is a rare complication and is an indicator of poor clinical outcome of head-trauma in spite of appropriate medical and surgical interventions. Cerebellar infarction following head trauma is also very rare and only a few reported cases are available in literatures. A 2-year-old child sustained head injury in a car accident and underwent surgery because of cerebr...