1. introduction variability and changes in precipitation amounts, including extreme precipitation and droughts, trigger relevant societal and environmental impacts. atmospheric circulation strongly determines precipitation variability over southern half of iran. the influence of prevalent synoptic situations on the distribution of precipitation amounts needs to be understood, as well as their f...

This study focuses on the necessary elements to implement strategic mitigation in order to avoid Cuvier's beaked whale (CBW) strandings linked to intense sound sources, such as military active sonars, in the Mediterranean Sea. A careful review of stranding data and the analysis of existing survey results are required to highlight the main characters of the species regional distribution. Focused...

Fossil Fuels are always considered as environmental pollutants. On the other hand, the political and economic situations highly affect the price of these fuels. Offshore wind and wave, as renewable energy sources, represent the better alternatives for electricity generation. Therefore, it is necessary that wind speeds effectively be estimated due to the absence of field measurements of the wind...

ozone is an important chemical constituent of the atmosphere, and stratosphere it protects the earth surface from harmful uv radiations, such that it is known as “good ozone” while, in the lower troposphere it is a highly oxidizing pollutant and known as “bad ozone”. it is also a greenhoure gas that can affect the climate. hence, the study of spatial and temporal variations of ozone is importan...

In this study, we investigate the sources of moisture (and moisture for precipitation) over the Danube River Basin (DRB) by means of a Lagrangian approach using the FLEXPART V9.0 particle dispersion model together with ERA-Interim reanalysis data to track changes in atmospheric moisture over 10-day trajectories. This approach computes the budget of evaporation-minus-precipitation by calculating...

-the mandates given to the ECMT at the Noordwijk [CEMT/CM(93)11/Final], Annecy [CEMT/CM(94)23/Final] and Budapest [CEMT/CM(96)3] Councils; -the Regional Conferences held over the last year in the Barents Sea, the Baltic Sea, Central Europe, the Balkans, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea; -the Joint Statement to the Pan-European Conference to be held in Helsinki [CEMT/CM(97)1]; -the countr...

Gelatinous zooplankton outbreaks have increased globally owing to a number of human-mediated factors, including food web alterations and species introductions. The invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi entered the Black Sea in the early 1980s. The invasion was followed by the Azov, Caspian, Baltic and North Seas, and, most recently, the Mediterranean Sea. Previous studies identified two distinc...

[1] We investigate the effect of stratospheric ozone recovery onAntarctic sea ice in the next half-century, by comparing two ensembles of integrations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, from 2001 to 2065. One ensemble is performed by specifying all forcings as per the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5; the second ensemble is identical in all respects, except for the surface...