As an input to its estimates of federal revenues, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) requires an estimate of capital gains realizations in the current calendar year and forecasts of realizations for the next 10 years. The purpose of our study is to improve the accuracy of the current-year estimates. As background, we describe the models and methods that CBO now uses and briefly mention model...

A scene in Washington, D.C.-It is mid-1988. In the quarters of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) at the foot of Capitol Hill, exhausted analysts are working overtime to prepare final estimates of the budgetary and programmatic effects of what will become the Family Support Act (FSA) of 1988. . . . [In] the process of developing the final form of the FSA . . . CBO analysts have prepared cost...

PURPOSE We conducted a randomized controlled trial in partnership with a community-based organization (CBO) to examine the effects of peer mentoring to promote exercise among cancer survivors. At the end of the trial, to prepare for future program implementation on a larger scale, we obtained input from the CBO on the key elements that influenced the decision to collaborate, facilitators and ch...

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a means of restoring gait to individuals with spinal cord injury, but the performance of most FES-aided gait systems is hampered by the rapid muscle fatigue which results from stimulated muscle contraction and the inadequate control of joint torques necessary to produce desired limb trajectories. The controlled-brake orthosis (CBO) addresses these limi...

Apart from other factors, band alignment led conduction offset (CBO) largely affects the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density ns in wide bandgap semiconductor based high mobility transistors (HEMTs). In context of assessing various performance metrics HEMTs, rational estimation CBO and maximum achievable 2DEG is critical. Here, we present an analytical study on effect different energy pa...

Abstract Recently, several socio-/bio-inspired algorithms have been proposed for solving a variety of problems. Generally, they perform well when applied unconstrained problems; however, their performance degenerates constrained Several types penalty function approaches so far handling linear and non-linear constraints. Even though the approach is quite easy to understand, precise choice parame...

Urban futures that are more resilient and sustainable require an integrated social-ecological system approach to urban policymaking, planning, management, and governance. In this article, we introduce the Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (URBES) and the Cities and Biodiversity Outlook (CBO) Projects as new social-ecological contributions to research and practice on emerging urban resil...

CBO uses two models of the economy to analyze the mediumand long-term effects of federal tax and spending policies: a Solow-type growth model and a life-cycle growth model. The models take different approaches toward capturing the ways in which the supply of labor responds to changes in fiscal policy. The Solow-type growth model uses estimates of how much the labor supply changes at a given poi...

CBO uses two models of the economy to analyze the mediumand long-term effects of federal tax and spending policies: a Solow-type growth model and a life-cycle growth model. The models take different approaches toward capturing the ways in which the supply of labor responds to changes in fiscal policy. The Solow-type growth model uses estimates of how much the labor supply changes at a given poi...

The Congressional Budget Office’s analyses of the long-term effects of changes in federal fiscal policy include the effects of changes in federal budget deficits on aggregate output and income. Those effects depend on the responses of private saving and net inflows of foreign capital to changes in deficits. This paper reviews empirical estimates of those two effects and explains how changes in ...