Recent ¢ndings are summarized in support of the view that mitochondria (including hydrogenosomes) and plastids (including complex ones) descend from symbiotic associations of once free-living organisms. The reasoning behind endosymbiotic hypotheses stems from a comparison of biochemistry and physiology in organelles with that in free-living cells; their strength is shown to lie in the speci¢c t...

As they descend, the autorotating seeds of maples and some other trees generate unexpectedly high lift, but how they attain this elevated performance is unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible, we measured the three-dimensional flow around dynamically scaled models of maple and hornbeam seeds. Our results indicate that these seeds attain high lift by generating a stable leading-edge vo...

Seven hundred and thirty-two parents reported when and how their infants learned to climb stairs. Children typically mastered stair ascent (mean age=10.97 months) several months after crawling onset and several weeks prior to descent (mean age=12.53 months). Most infants (94%) crawled upstairs the first time they ascended independently. Most infants (76%) turned around and backed at initial des...

background: dystocia is one of the important causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in low-income countries. this study wasaimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of maternal anthropometric measurements as predictors for dystocia in nulliparous women. materials and methods: this prospective cohort study was conducted on 447 nulliparous women who referred to omolbaninhospital. several mat...

AbstructWe consider the problem of embedding a cubeconnected cycles graph (CCC) into a hypercube with edge faults. Our main result is an algorithm that, given a l i t of faulty edges, computes an embedding of the CCC that spans all of the nodes and avoids all of the faulty edges. The algorithm has optimal running time and tolerates the maximum number of faults (in a worst-case setting). Because...

The extremely high data rates of optical computing technology (100 MWords per second and upwards) present unprecedented challenges in the dynamic memory design. An optical ber loop, used as a delay line, is the best candidate for primary, dynamic memory at this time. However, they pose special problems in the design of algorithms due to synchronization requirements between the loop data and the...

A new approach to maximum likelihood learning of discrete graphical models and RBM in particular is introduced. Our method, Perturb and Descend (PD) is inspired by two ideas (I) perturb and MAP method for sampling (II) learning by Contrastive Divergence minimization. In contrast to perturb and MAP, PD leverages training data to learn the models that do not allow efficient MAP estimation. During...

We analyzed the characteristics of red soils that are often considered collapsible soils. In this study, we examined depositional environment and lithologic characteristics, stratigraphy, conducted mechanical sieve, X-ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, fluorescence analyses optically stimulated luminescence dating. The samples were collected from gravel pits to e...

the study investigated secondary school students' environmental awareness in india and iran. nine hundred and ninety-one students were selected through the stratified random sampling technique from 103 secondary schools of mysore city (india) and tehran city (iran). subjects consisted of 476 boys and 515 girls. they were assessed using the environment awareness ability measure (eaam). resu...