Jerry Hogan has forcefully maintained that cause and function are distinct questions, and that attempts to integrate them are conceptually muddled. I dissent from his view, maintaining that causal analysis is conducted in the shadow of premises about function, and that bringing functional ideas out of the shadows facilitates the generation of fruitful causal hypotheses. This is not to suggest, ...

background: avoidable mortality (am) is one of the most important health indicators (hi) and represents the quality of care in a hospital.objective: this study measured the efficacy of a training program for a hospital healthcare staff to reduce am.methods: this epidemiological study on community intervention analyzed time-series data on hi by semesters from 2008 to 2015. the pre-intervention p...

introduction: accurate documentation of the cause of death is critical for health care planning. in this study, the most important causes of death registered on death certificates and the most important issues preventing accurate registration and access to death information in the town of rafsanjan were surveyed. methods: this was a descriptive study. all death certificates (totally 1197) issue...

objective : iud is a highly effective, safe, private, long-acting, and rapidly reversible method of contraception with few side effects. the aim of this study was to assess the continuation rate and cause of iud discontinuation in isfahan, iran. materials and methods: this historical cohort study wascarried out on 12 randomly selected health centers of isfahan province in 2007. 244 literate mar...

objective: the aim of the present research was to evaluate the psychological well-being and quality of sleep in addicts under methadone treatment for at least 6 months. methods: a total of 40 individuals were selected through purposeful sampling method among the referring addicts to 2 addiction centers in eastern tehran. participants took the ryff scale of psychological well-being (rspwb) and p...

objective: this study aimed to describe attributors of family stressors which cause rehospitalizations in patients with psychotic disorders. materials and methods: in a cross sectional study (during 2006-7) 203 randomly selected psychiatric readmitted patients with psychotic diagnosis and registered demographic and psychiatric clinical data were included. family stressors as the possible cause ...