-Two variables must be considered when calculating exchange free energies (AG~ for 2:1 clays: (1) anionic field strength, as expressed by equivalent anionic radius (ra), and (2) interlayer water content, as expressed by interlayer molality. For smectites that are in a state of high hydration, interlayer molality is determined by the cations undergoing exchange. Thus AG~ for an exchanging cation...

We present a method for approximating thermodynamic parameters ΔG(P,T)°, ΔH, and ΔS for the cation exchange process in metal-organic frameworks, as exemplified by Ni(2+) exchange into Zn4O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)3 (MOF-5) and Co(2+) exchange into MOF-5 and Zn5Cl4(bis(1H-1,2,3-triazolo-[4,5-b],[4',5'-i])dibenzo-[1,4]-dioxin)3 (MFU-4l). For these examples, we find that the cation exchange proce...

Deoxygenation-induced cation movements in sickle cells were inhibited 80% to 85% by the anion transport inhibitor, 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'disulfostilbene (DIDS). Morphologic sickling was not altered by DIDS treatment, demonstrating that morphologic sickling was not sufficient to produce cation leaks in sickle cells. DIDS inhibition of deoxygenation-induced cation flux was not affected when l- ...

Three cations with different amine density, guanidinium, aminoguanidinium, and diaminoguanidinium, were loaded into anionic via cation-exchange. The structures and compositions of the cation-exchange products were characterized, and their N2 and CO2 adsorption properties were studied and compared.