BACKGROUND In Kenya, where 60 to 80% of the urban residents live in informal settlements (frequently referred to as slums), out-of-pocket (OOP) payments account for more than a third of national health expenditures. However, little is known on the extent to which these OOP payments are associated with personal or household financial catastrophe in the slums. This paper seeks to examine the inci...

OBJECTIVES The health transformation program was a recent reform in the health system of Iran that was implemented in early 2014. Some of the program's important goals were to improve the equity of payments and to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) payments and catastrophic health expenditures (CHE). In this study, these goals were evaluated using a before-and-after analysis. METHODS Data on househol...

background health expenditures are divided in two parts of public and private health expenditures. public health expenditures contain social security spending, taxing to private and public sectors, and foreign resources like loans and subventions. on the other hand, private health expenditures contain out of pocket expenditures and private insurances. each of these has different effects on the ...

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the percentage households with disabled children aged 0–8 years who had faced catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) due costs these in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional carried out on 2000 five provinces Iran 2020. Data were collected using World Health Survey questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Determinants CHE identified logistic reg...

this study will provide detailed specification of those variables and determinants of unpredictable health expenditure in iran, and the requirements to reduce extensive effects of the factors affecting households' payments for health and other goods and services inappropriately.this study aims to identify measures of fair financing of health services and determinants of fair financing contribut...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of catastrophic expenditures for emergency obstetric care, explore its risk factors, and assess the effect of these expenditures on households in the Kayes region, Mali. METHODS Data on 484 obstetric emergencies (242 deaths and 242 near-misses) were collected in 2008-2011. Catastrophic expenditure for emergency obstetric care was assessed at different th...