Cut-to-length (CTL) timber harvesting technology currently accounts for approximately 90% of Caspian forests. The technology involves felling, branching, cross-cutting, and then the skidder carries the logs to a landing, where the timber is temporarily stored, sorted and assembled for transportation to the mill. Cut-to-length systems typically require less labor, less access road construction, ...

The Upper Cretaceous (?Santonian) Aitym Formation in the central Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, produced remains of a cimolodontan multituberculate (Uzbekbaatar wardi), a spalacotheriid symmetrodont (cf. Shalbaatar sp.), a deltatheroidan (cf. Deltatherus sp.), possibly the asioryctithere aff. Daulestes sp., possibly two zalambdalestids (Kulbeckia sp. cf. K. kulbecke and aff. Kulbeckia sp.), two s...

Substitution at codon Ser315 of katG gene, a reliable marker for isoniazid (INH) resistance and proliferate in spite of the loss of cell wall is called an L- form. Unstable L- forms  can convert to normal cells but stble L-forms can not.cell wall - deffective state may be induced spontaneously or through the action of an appropriate agent such as antibiotic interfering with the synthesis of cel...

Recently, several studies indicated that species from the Ponto-Caspian region may be evolutionarily predisposed to become nonindigenous species (NIS); however, origin of NIS established in different regions has rarely been compared to confirm these statements. More importantly, if species from certain area/s are proven to be better colonizers, management strategies to control transport vectors...

We describe here the first fossil otoliths from the Middle Miocene (Badenian and Sarmatian) of Belgrade, Serbia. They were obtained from Lower Badenian outcrops at Slanci and from upper Badenian and Sarmatian sediments recovered from four shallow wells near the village of Barajevo. The otoliths from the Lower Badenian of Slanci represent fishes typical for an open marine environment, characteri...

Post-Soviet legal governance regime of Caspian Sea e the largest inland body of water on earth e remains a source of conflict among the five coastal states of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. Although different division methods have been suggested for sharing the sea and its valuable resources, the actual gain of the countries is unclear as the proposed methods focus eith...

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are originally derived from the ICM of blastocysts and are characterized by their ability to self-renew and their pluripotencies. Only a few reports have been published on ESC isolations and line establishment in animals, even fewer in horses. However, it is still important to isolate equine ESCs for animal biotechnology and therapeutic applications. In the present s...

INTRODUCTION The sturgeons of the Caspian Sea are considered highly valuable species. The Caspian Sea has traditionally been regarded as the sea of sturgeon since it produces more than 90 percent of the world’s caviar. Despite a remarkable decline of sturgeon numbers over recent years, the Caspian Sea still continues to be of considerable importance in sturgeon fisheries. In 1997, the global la...

* The author is employed at the United Nations Environment Programme’s Regional Office for Europe. The paper is presented by the author in her personal capacity, however, and opinions expressed in this paper should be attributed to the author. They are not meant to represent the positions or opinions of UNEP or the State Parties to the Framework Convention on the Protection of the Marine Enviro...