Recent developments at synchrotron X-ray beamlines now allow collection of data suitable for structure determination and Rietveld structure refinement at high pressures and temperatures on challenging materials. These include materials, such as dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) that tends to calcine at high temperatures, and Fe-containing materials, such as the spinel MgFe2O4, which tend to undergo changes...

Water of hydration plays an important role in minerals, determining their crystal structures and physical properties. Here ultrafast nonlinear infrared (IR) techniques, two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) and polarization selective pump-probe (PSPP) spectroscopies, were used to measure the dynamics and disorder of water of hydration in two minerals, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and bassanite (CaSO4·0.5H2O)...

Recently, environmental quality issues related to sulfur (S) have made it necessary to reduce its release into the atmosphere in wet or dry forms, which in turn might influence the S requirement of crops. It is anticipated that by 2020, S deposition will decrease by up to 30% in eastern portions of Oklahoma and by 15% throughout the remainder of the state. This change calls for frequent monitor...

The aims of this study were to examine the effect of salts (CaCl2, CaSO4 and MgSO4) on the rheological and thermal properties of gelatin extracted from the skins of tropical fishes, sin croaker (Johnius dussumeiri) and shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma). It was found that the melting temperatures of fish skin gelatins were increased by 1.5 times as compared to bovine gelatin which was only in...

Abstract For the ternary systems, Rb 2 SO 4 – CaSO H O and Cs O, solubility data have been determined at ambient temperatures (22 25 °C). In both gypsum is found as stable -phase in presence of low alkali metal sulfate concentrations. addition, two double salts exist Rb-system: Rb-disalt (Rb ·2CaSO ) Rb-syngenite ·CaSO ·H O) addition to . Rb-syngenite, crystal structure was by single analysis (...

The present study examines the influence of Ca2+ as (CaSO4), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH on chronic water-borne lead (Pb) toxicity to the larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) under flow-through conditions. The 30 day LC50 for low hardness basic test water (19 mg CaCO3 L(-1)) was 39 (range: 27-51) microg dissolved Pb L(-1) and was greatly increased by increasing concentrations o...

The contamination of ecosystems in areas around waste dumps is a major threat to the health surrounding populations. aim this study understand contribution Hulene-B dump (Maputo, Mozambique) edible plants, rhizosphere soils, stream waters, and groundwater, assess human risk. Soil plant samples were analyzed by XRD XRF for mineralogical chemical composition characterization, respectively. Minera...

Chemical characterization of scaling and removal processes was performed in real time via Raman spectroscopy a bench-scale reverse osmosis (RO) system. A custom RO cross-flow cell integrated with microscope objective, allowing for analysis localized membrane scale removal. Permeate flux also measured to provide real-time metric comparison. commercial flat sheet, thin-film composite (TFC RO) sca...