Current variation in the forms of money challenges economic anthropologists and historians to review theory and comparative findings on multiple currency systems. There are four main sections to the paper devoted to (i) the present continuum of hard to soft currencies as an instance of multiplicity, including discussion of different combinations of the classic four functions of money, especiall...

In the Covid-19 era, Minister of Public Health uses non-cash transactions, transactions that reduce direct interaction are QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) payment system, with a QR Scan successful transactions. So according to researchers, traditional markets in Batam city places often use cash so it is good if payments can be made markets. The research used by researcher empiric...

This paper presents the result of a study that assessed use cash in retail transactions city São Paulo and influence individuals´ sociodemographic condition transaction value on likelihood paying with banknotes. Respondents were selected by quota sampling process based their profiles. The analyses carried out using Pearson´s chi-squared test, as well estimates from probit models. results indica...

This paper examines the choice of asset valuation rules from a managerial control perspective. A manager creates value for a rm through his e ort choices. To support its operating activities, the rm also engages in nancing activities such as credit sales to its customers. Since such nancing activities merely change the pattern of cash ows across periods, an optimal compensation scheme must shie...

In this paper we have designed a partially blind signature scheme for the blinded e-cash based payment system using ECC-based self-certified public key cryptosystems. Using partially blind signatures to design the e-cash scheme can avoid the unlimited growth of the bank’s database which keeps all spent e-cashes for preventing double spending, and also let the signer assure himself that the mess...

Digital content transactions through e-commerce will grow tremendously in the coming years. In this respect, well-designed electronic payment schemes and high-quality digital contents are two critical factors. Untraceable electronic cash schemes make it possible for customers to pay the e-cash to the merchants through communication networks under privacy protection. Therefore, there is a need t...

The fungibility of money, along with its function as a medium of exchange, gives monetary transactions pride of place in neoclassical theories of economics. However, a growing number of laboratory studies and anecdotal field evidence (appealing to theories of mental accounting) have shown that consumers’ willingness to spend an additional unit of wealth depends upon the sources and categories o...

This study examines the impact of country-specific uncertainty on choice payment method in international acquisitions. Our results show a negative association between level target and cash transactions. Specifically, when host country experiences high uncertainty, acquirers are more likely to choose non-cash transactions which acquiring firms can issue their own equity firm as part or all purch...

The stability of the demand for money is important to maintain value therupiah. This seen in terms amount currency and ability ofmoney fulfill all transactions a short time. use non-cash canhelp speed up processing financial transactions, but on one hand it canhave an impact changes currency, which turn affects thestability supply. For this reason, necessary conduct researchon using Indonesia.T...