California law requires many employers to offer commuters the option to choose cash in lieu of any parking subsidy offered. This report presents case studies of eight firms that have complied with California’s cash-out requirement. For the 1,694 employees of the eight firms, the number of solo drivers to work fell by 17 percent after cashing out. The number of carpoolers increased by 64 percent...

a r t i c l e i n f o This work aimed to apply genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in cash balance management using multiple asset investments. This problem consists of a stochastic model that does not define a single ideal point for cash balance, but an oscillation range between a lower bound, an ideal balance and an upper bound. Thus, this paper proposes the applicat...

INTRODUCTION Residents of some low-income neighborhoods have limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables. In 2008, New York City issued new mobile fruit and vegetable cart licenses for neighborhoods with inadequate availability of fresh produce. Some of these carts were equipped with electronic benefit transfer (EBT) machines, allowing them to accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ...

Previous researchers have noted that the ‘categorical’ Medicaid eligibility accompanying the welfare programs Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) often far exceeds the value of these programs’ cash benefits. It may be the case that the accompanying health insurance, not the cash benefit, is often the decisive factor in welfare participation. If ...

AIM AND BACKGROUND Nursing professionals are the most important human resources that provide care in the Emergency Departments at hospitals. Therefore appropriate compensation for the services provided by them is considered as a priority. This study aims to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the compensation for services provided by the EDs nurses. METHODS Twenty four nurses, hospi...

This paper relies on the characteristics of different earnings components to show that sentiment affects both investors’ judgments of expected cash flows and their risk preferences. As suggested in psychology theories, those two effects of sentiment work against each other in the valuation model-optimistic (pessimistic) cash flow judgments come with high (low) discount rates during high (low) s...

BACKGROUND Wasting is a public health issue but evidence gaps remain concerning preventive strategies not primarily based on food products. Cash transfers, as part of safety net approach, have potential to prevent under-nutrition. However, most of the cash transfer programs implemented and scientifically evaluated do not have a clear nutritional objective, which leads to a lack of evidence rega...

This study examines purchases at fruit and vegetable carts and evaluates the potential benefits of expanding the availability of electronic benefit transfer machines at Green Carts. Customers at 4 Green Carts in the Bronx, New York, were surveyed in 3 waves from June 2013 through July 2014. Customers who used Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits spent on average $3.86 more than cu...

To construct our measures of welfare state expenditures we use data sources compiled by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), in particular the OECD Social Expenditure Database, which includes many categories of cash and in-kind social benefits—old age and disability, occupational injury, sickness, unemployment, family benefits and services, public health expenditur...

Every year some older persons entitled to retiredworker benefits lose some or all of their benefits because of the annual carnzngs test This artzcle dascusscs thaw affcctcd 291, lWl--who they were, how much they rarned, how much they lost zn ,monthly cash benefits, am7 the effect of family status on bcnt$t amounts. In that year, among those apt! 62-71, relatively fewer women than rncn lost bclr...