Press hardening steel has become a much used material in car body manufacturing due to its excellent safety and lightweight potential. In some recent car models press hardening steel has reached already a weight share of more than 20% in the body structure while it is estimated that it could reach even around 40% in the future. However conventional press hardening steel based on the alloying co...

-Dislocation theory is used to invoke a strain gradient theory of rate independent plasticity. Hardening is assumed to result from the accumulation of both randomly stored and geometrically necessary dislocations. The density of the geometrically necessary dislocations scales with the gradient of plastic strain. A deformation theory of plasticity is introduced to represent in a phenomenological...

The material properties of OFHC copper film was investigated with the High-Speed Material Micro Testing Machine (HSMMTM) at the high strain rates. The rate-dependent stress-strain curves from the experiment and the Johnson−Cook curve fitting showed large discrepancies as the plastic strain increases since the constitutive model implies no rate-dependent strain hardening effect. A new constituti...

Fecal impaction if left untreated can lead to the hardening of stools and the formation of fecalith. Fecaliths rarely cause serious complications and are usually managed conservatively. We present this rare case of a giant fecalith causing near obstruction in an institutionalized paraplegic patient at high risk for chronic constipation and fecal impaction. This case was also unusual for causing...

Abstract: Methods of fault-hardening software implementations of the numerical Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithms are discussed in the paper. In particular, Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) algorithms are considered. The robustness of these algorithms with respect to faults is crucial for process safety and economic efficiency, as faults may result in major control performance degrad...

This paper proposes and investigates schemes for hardening the conventional CMOS cross-coupled DRAM sense amplifier to single event upset (SEU). These schemes, adapted from existing SRAM hardening techniques, are intended to harden the dynamic random access memory to bitline-mode errors during the sensing period. Simulation results indicate that a 9kΩ L-resistor hardening scheme provides greate...

P92 steel was irradiated with Ar ion up to 10 dpa at 200, 400, and 700 ◦C. The effect of Ar ion irradiation on hardness was investigated with nanoindentation tests and microstructure analyses. It was observed that irradiation-induced hardening occurred in the steel after Ar ion irradiation at all three temperatures to 10 dpa. The steel exhibited significant hardening at 200 and 700 ◦C, and slig...

We show how to achieve large-amplitude oscillation and good frequency stability in a nonlinear NEMS oscillator by using a softening nonlinearity to locally balance the hardening behaviour of the Duffing nonlinearity for a given motion amplitude. The case when the softening behaviour is obtained via electrostatic biasing is theoretically investigated, under parallel-plate assumptions, for a full...

Practical software hardening schemes are heuristic and are not proven to be secure. One technique to enhance security is robust combiners. An algorithm C is a robust combiner for speci cation S, e.g., privacy, if for any two implementations X and Y , of a cryptographic scheme, the combined scheme C(X, Y ) satis es S provided either X or Y satisfy S. We present the rst robust combiner for softwa...