Localized Competition, Multimarket Operation and Collusive Behavior by Frank Verboven This paper studies collusive behavior in a repeated oligopoly model with localized competition. Private information about the rivals' past actions naturally arises from this product market structure. The resulting communication problems imply that firms should adopt strategies with sufficiently lenient punishm...

Needle nematodes, Longidorus africanus, were added to carrot and lettuce seedlings in a range of inoculum levels and at various times after seeding. The effects of inoculum density and delayed inoculation on plant growth were analyzed according to Seinhorst's damage function. Growth of both lettuce and carrot was severely affected by L. africanus, but delaying nematode inoculation until 10 days...

Localized Competition, Multimarket Operation and Collusive Behavior by Frank Verboven This paper studies collusive behavior in a repeated oligopoly model with localized competition. Private information about the rivals' past actions naturally arises from this product market structure. The resulting communication problems imply that firms should adopt strategies with sufficiently lenient punishm...

The study on utilization of carrot pomace powder (CPP) and germinated chickpea flour (GCF) in biscuits was undertaken to upgrade the nutritional quality and assess the acceptability. The biscuits were prepared from composite flours by incorporating 5, 8 and 10 parts of germinated chickpea flour and similar corresponding parts of carrot pomace powder in to wheat flour. The biscuits were analyzed...

Previous studies have suggested that water-soluble polysaccharides from fermented carrot pulp (WSP-p) stronger anti-diabetic effects than those un-fermented (WSP-n). This study aimed to improve understanding of these functional differences by comparing their molecular structures. Weight-average weights WSP-p fractions were lower the corresponding WSP-n fractions. While both WSPs had similar gro...

We isolated a full-length cDNA for apoplastic (extracellular or cell wall-bound) 8-fructosidase (invertase), determined its nucleotide sequence, and used it as a probe to measure changes in mRNA as a result of wounding of carrot storage roots and infection of carrot plants with the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora. The derived amino acid sequence of extracellular 8-fructosidase shows that ...

The purpose of the present work was to develop an innovative food product with nutritional properties as well as appealing organoleptic qualities. The product, a jam, was prepared with the beans’ cooking water combined with fresh apple or carrot, without the addition of any conservatives. Three different jams were produced: bean and carrot, bean and apple and bean, apple and cinnamon. The devel...

The initial step in tumor formation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the site-specific attachment of the bacteria to plant cells. A similar attachment to plant tissue culture cells has been observed. Binding to carrot suspension culture cells was not dependent on the presence of divalent cations and was not inhibited by the addition of mannose, alpha-methyl mannoside, galactose, arabinose, gluco...

A collaborative study was conducted to determine multiple pesticide residues in apple, green bean, and carrot by using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seventeen laboratories from 7 countries participated in the final study, and a variety of different instruments was used by collaborators. The procedure simply entails 3 steps: (1) mix 1.1 g ...

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) designate a class of proteins that are able to bind to and inhibit the growth of macromolecular ice. These proteins have been characterized from a variety of organisms. Recently, the structures of AFPs from the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) and the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) have been determined by NMR and X-ray crystallography. Despite nonhomologo...