CASE REPORT A male patient with a left carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCSF) and two previous attempts of embolization via the femoral vein was treated with embolization through the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV). DISCUSSION The main modality of treatment for CCSF is intervention radiology. This aims to occlude the fistula via an arterial route, through the cavernous sinus, or via a venous r...

Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (TCCF) is a direct shunting fistula due to a tear in the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Spontaneous thrombosis of the high-flow shunts in TCCFs is extremely rare. Most cases are treated using endovascular embolization to relieve the clinical presentations. We report 2 unusual cases of TCCF with spontaneous closure of fistulas at inter...

Marginal sinus fistulas (MSFs) are uncommon vascular anomalies. Occasionally, the dominant venous drainage is forced retrograde up the inferior petrosal sinus and into the cavernous sinus, causing chemosis, proptosis, and ocular hypertension, mimicking a carotid cavernous fistula. This atypical clinical presentation may lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate hazardous treatment of an MSF. Ident...

The location of the original sites of the lesions was studied in 22 non-traumatic and 21 traumatic intracavernous carotid aneurysms in which the neck of the aneurysm was confirmed, and also in 23 traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas in which the location of the fistula was identified. In the cavernous sinus, common sites of non-traumatic and traumatic carotid aneurysms as well as traumatic caro...

common internal carotid artery (ICA) -basilar artery anastomosis with an incidence between 0.1% and 0.3% (1). Anomalous cerebellar artery originating from the PTA has rarely been reported (2, 3). Rarely when an aneurysm is combined and ruptures into the cavernous sinus, spontaneous trigeminal-cavernous fistula can develop, which is usually treated by transarterial detachable balloon embolizatio...

1. Komiyama M, Nishikawa M, Kan M, Shigemoto T, Kaji A. Endovascular treatment of intractable oro-nasal bleeding associated with severe craniofacial injury. J Trauma 1998;44:330–334 2. Hirai T, Korogi Y, Hamatake S, et al. Three-dimensional FISP imaging in the evaluation of carotid cavernous fistula: comparison with contrast-enhanced CT and spin-echo MR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:253–259 3....

The treatment of five patients with dural arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the cavernous sinus via the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) is reported. The procedure was performed by transcutaneous puncture of the SOV under the guidance of real-time digital subtraction angiography. Complete resolution of the ocular symptoms was achieved in all cases. Angiograms after embolization showed complet...

Intracranial dural carotid cavernous fistulas account for 10 to 15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Although these fistulas tend to regress spontaneously, permanent neurological deficits are observed in as many as 20-30% of untreated patients. In general, transvenous or transarterial embolization of the fistula is a safe and successful treatment option. Depending on the amount ...