the sadhana index (sd) is a newly introduced cyclic index. efficient formulae for calculatingthe sd (sadhana) index of linear phenylenes are given and a simple relation is establishedbetween the sd index of phenylenes and of the corresponding hexagonal sequences.

The first reformulated Zagreb index $EM_1(G)$ of a simple graph $G$ is defined as the sum of the terms $(d_u+d_v-2)^2$ over all edges $uv$ of $G .$ In this paper, the various upper and lower bounds for the first reformulated Zagreb index of a connected graph interms of other topological indices are obtained.

The mathematical properties of nano molecules are an interesting branch of nanoscience for researches nowadays. The periodic open single wall tubulene is one of the nano molecules which is built up from two caps and a distancing nanotube/neck. We discuss how to automatically construct the graph of this molecule and plot the graph by spring layout algorithm in graphviz and netwrokx packages. The...

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative Noetherian ring. For finitely generated text]-module text], Northcott introduced the reducibility index of which is number submodules appearing in an irredundant irreducible decomposition submodule text]. On other hand, for Artinian Macdonald proved that sum-irreducible representation does not depend on choice representation. This called sum-reducibility...