Light absorption coefficients of black carbon ( abs B ) were measured at several urban and industrial locations in Jordan during the summer of 2007 and the winter of 2008 using the photoacoustic instrument at a wavelength of 870 nm. Black carbon mass concentration (BC) was calculated using abs B . Black carbon levels at urban locations in the summer of 2007 were higher than those obtained at in...

We report that hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) was rapidly destroyed by sulfides in the presence of black carbon, forming nitrite and formaldehyde, rather than toxic nitrosated reduction products. Although traditionally viewed as inactive sorbents, black carbons have been noted to participate in the destruction of certain contaminants, such as azo dyes, via quinonoid groups. Howev...

The paper reviews the potential atmospheric influences of ’megacities’ using Mexico City as a model and black carbon, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and ozone as the most important species. The authors compare concentrations found in 1997 to those found in 2003 and find substantial decreases in concentrations of PAN and ozone but not black carbon attributing vehicle fleet replacement to much of th...

BACKGROUND Previously, we have developed and reported the method of measuring multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in the lung from rats exposed to MWCNT intratracheally. The present research was performed to improve the analytical method of MWCNT to measure multiple samples in a short period of time. For the xanalysis of MWCNTs from tissues, the existence of carbon black may interfere. Therefo...

The effect of anthropogenic black carbon (BC) aerosol on snow is of enduring interest due to its consequences for climate forcing. Until now, too little attention has been focused on BC's size in snow, an important parameter affecting BC light absorption in snow. Here we present first observations of this parameter, revealing that BC can be shifted to larger sizes in snow than are typically see...

A generally accepted method to measure black carbon (BC) or elemental carbon (EC) still does not exist. An earlier study in the Vienna area comparing practically all measurement methods in use in Europe gave comparable BC and EC concentrations under summer conditions (Hitzenberger et al., 2006a). Under summer conditions, Diesel traffic is the major source for EC or BC in Vienna. Under winter co...

black nightshade is a weed plant that grows abundantly in most parts of iran. in this study, central composite response surface method to investigate the effect of temperature 35-55 °c and pressures 170-350 bar during the dynamic time of 120 min, the particle size of 150 microns and flow rate of 3 liters per minute on the efficiency of oil extracted from the fruits of black nightshade and optim...

Air pollution is the world's largest single environmental health risk (WHO). Particulate matter such as black carbon is one of the main components of air pollution. The effects of particulate matter on human health are well established however the effects on bacteria, organisms central to ecosystems in humans and in the natural environment, are poorly understood. We report here for the first ti...

Dynamic mechanical properties including temperature effect, stress softening, and Payne effect are studied on the elastomer composites filled with soy protein or carbon black. The comparison of protein composite with well-known carbon black composites provides further insight into the protein composites. The elastomers filled with soy protein aggregates give substantial reinforcement effect whe...