Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) contain elemental carbon, organic compounds including Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and other trace compounds. Diesel exhaust is complex mixture of thousands of chemicals. Over forty air contaminants are recognized as toxicants, such as carcinogens. Most diesel exhaust particles have aerodynamic diameters falling within a range of 0.1 to 0.25 μm. DEP w...

Mass spectrometric measurements of size and composition of diesel exhaust particles have been performed under various conditions: chassis dynamometer tests, field measurements near a German motorway, and individual car chasing. Nucleation particles consisting of volatile sulfate and organic material could be detected both at the chassis dynamometer test facility and during individual car chasin...

In this paper, we propose and develop a real-time audio-visual automatic continuous speech recognition system. The system utilizes live speech signals and facial images that collected from a microphone and a camera. Optical-flow-based features are used as visual feature. VAD technology and lip tracking are utilized to improve recognition accuracy. In this paper, several experiments are conducte...

To the Editor, The Indian Medical Gazette Dear Sir,?After having read the notes on the dangers of exhaust fumes, in the British Medical Journal of 3rd December, 1932, I am tempted to write about a similar incident in this country. In Petlad in the month of May there was a marriage procession which I attended. In the procession the bride and the bridegroom were sitting in a motor car. All the la...

With recent advances in speech recognition and wireless communications, the possibilities for information access in the automobile have expanded significantly. In this paper, we describe four system prototypes for (i) voice-dialing, (ii) Internet information retrieval—called InfoPhone, (iii) voice e-mail, and (iv) car navigation. These systems are designed primarily for hands-busy, eyes-busy co...

Two cases are reported representing opposite ends of the spectrum of death as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning from car exhaust fumes. In one case, a women was reported to be found dead in bed early in the morning by her husband. The cause of her death, established by autopsy, was carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicology examination indicated a car engine as the possible source of carbon mono...

Audio has become an important function in a variety of applications. For example, a typical car today has a music and entertainment system (CD player, traditional and/or satellite radio, MP3 player, DVD player), a navigation system, BlueTooth connectivity with the smartphone, and typical alert-related sounds that chime when, for instance, the headlights are left on or the trunk door is ajar. In...

Sound is a part of more application areas than ever before. Consider today’s typical car—there’s the music and entertainment system (CD player, traditional and/or satellite radio, MP3 player, DVD player), the navigation system, BlueTooth connectivity with the smartphone, and typical alert-related sounds that chime when, for instance, the headlights are left on or the trunk door is ajar. If it’s...

In this paper we demonstrate the potential of combining electric hybridization with a dual-fuel natural gas-Diesel engine. We show that carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced to 43 gram per kilometer with a subcompact car on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The vehicle is operated in charge-sustaining mode, which means that all energy is provided by the fuel. The result is obtained by ha...