Geometrical optical (GO) models have been widely used in remote sensing applications because of their simplicity and ability to simulate angular variation of remote sensing signals from the earth’s surface. GO models are generally accurate in the visible part of the solar spectrum, but less accurate in near-infrared (NIR) part in which multiple scattering in plant canopies is the strongest. Alt...

One of the main strengths of active microwave remote sensing, in relation to frequency, is its capacity to penetrate vegetation canopies and reach the ground surface, so that information can be drawn about the vegetation and hydrological properties of the soil surface. All this information is gathered in the so called backscattering coefficient (σ(0)). The subject of this research have been oli...

Using an analytical model, it was shown that for a given amount of nitrogen in the canopy of a stand (N(T)), there exists an evolutionarily stable leaf area index (ES-LAI), and therefore an evolutionarily stable average leaf nitrogen content (n(ES)(av);n(ES)(av) =N(T)/ES-LAI), at which no individual plant in the stand can increase its photosynthesis by changing its leaf area. It was also shown ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Quercus coccifera, as a long-lived sprouter, responds plastically to environmental variation. In this study, the role of foliar plasticity as a mechanism of habitat selection and modification within the canopy and across contrasted habitats was characterized. An examination was made of the differential contribution of inner and outer canopy layers to the crown plasticity exp...

Most high throughput systems for automated plant phenotyping involve a 10 fixed recording cabinet to which plants are transported. However, important greenhouse 11 plants like pepper are too tall to be transported. In this research we developed a system to 12 automatically measure plant characteristics of tall pepper plants in the greenhouse. 13 With a device equipped with multiple cameras, ima...

Global mapping of the vegetation clumping index is attempted for the first time using multi-angular POLDER 1 data based on a methodology that has been demonstrated to be applicable to Canada’s landmass. The clumping index quantified the level of foliage grouping within distinct canopy structures, such as tree crowns, shrubs, and row crops, relative to a random distribution. Vegetation foliage c...

Many radiative transfer models for the shortwave band have been developed and used to understand and The decrease in stratospheric ozone (O3 ) has prompted continued simulate the radiation environment of vegetative canoefforts to assess the potential damage to plant and animal life due to enhanced levels of solar ultraviolet (UV)-B (280–320 nm) radiation. pies. Smith (1983), Goel (1988), and My...

T e influence of pixel heterogeneity, background, atmospheric and bidirectional effects on the relationship between fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the photosynthesizing tissue in a canopy (FAPAR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is investigated using a three-dimensional model of radiation transfer. Top of the canopy (TOC) NDVI and FAPAR increase wit...

ABSTRACT: The concept of using spectral invariants to describe the scattering and absorption processes in a vegetation canopy has been developed for application to remote sensing studies in recent years. It has been shown that an average ‘recollision probability’ can describe the main impacts of structure on directional-hemispherical scattering and transmission, and there has been some indicati...